Portrayals of Minorities in pop culture

1. ) One example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is on the TV show, The Simpsons. Apu Nahasapeemapetilon is portrayed as your typical Indian convenience store owner. He speaks in Indian English, owns a convenience store, his marriage was arranged, he has a strong work ethic, and he has a large number of children. He is portrayed this way in every episode that he appears in. The portrayal is negative and is stereotyping people who are Indian. The portrayal reinforces the stereotypes that Indian immigrants own convenience stores and work all of the time. Personally, I would not want other members of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because it paints a negative picture of the culture. It stereotypes all Indian immigrants as the same. This reinforces the idea that race plays a major role in status in our society and people are looked at differently based on their race. On the show, this stereotype is perceived as humorous and people who watch this show are receiving little knowledge about the actual group of people. 2. ) An example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is shown on the TV show, Cops. This show portrays people who are minorities to be violent, drug dealers, unintelligent, poor family members. Almost all of the drug deals that go on and the violence that goes on is between blacks and other minorities. This is a negative portrayal and it reinforces these certain stereotypes. It showcases blacks and other minorities as being violent and involved with drugs. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other segments of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because I would not want to be known as an unintelligent, violent drug dealer who can't get along with his family. It is a very negative stereotype. 3. ) On the TV show, South Park, minorities are negatively portrayed in almost every single episode. One episode in particular is called, â€Å"The Passion of the Jew. † This episode was a satire of the movie, The Passion of the Christ, but also made fun of people who are Jewish. This show negatively portrays people who are Jewish as being cheap, overprotective, nagging, and pokes fun at their religion. It reinforces these stereotypes and also goes further by negatively talking about the Jewish religion and their practices. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other segments of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because it portrays me as being stingy and makes jokes about my religion. Based on this portrayal, it seems as though some television shows are able to make fun of any race that they please. 4. ) Another example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is in the movie, The Perfect Score. One of the students in the movie who is Asian is portrayed as being a drug user but extremely smart. He uses drugs all of the time but is still able to get good grades in school. This is a negative portrayal of people who are Asian and it stereotypes them as drug users and of having above average intelligence. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other segments of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because I would not want to be perceived as a person who smokes marijuana and is a stoner. I would want to be portrayed as intelligent but not a drug user. Based on this portrayal, I feel that race plays an important part in statuses because different races are thought to be of higher statuses. 5. ) An example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is on the TV show, Beverley Hills 90210. People in this show, who are mainly white, are viewed as being extremely rich, affluent, greedy, and having a ton of drama in their lives. It stereotypes the typical â€Å"California teenager. † It is a negative portrayal of young people who live in California. It reinforces the stereotypes of the typical California surfer and teenager. All teenagers who live in California don't act this way, but they are portrayed as being like this. This portrayal can also be seen in newer shows such as Laguna Beach and The Hills. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other segments of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because I would not want to be seen as a rich snob who relies on their parent's money. I would want to just blend in with society. I feel that people who are white are sometimes given a higher status then people of other races. . ) In the movie Soul Man, minorities are portrayed as having an easier time of getting into college. In this movie, a student who wants to get into a particularly difficult school dyes his skin a darker color so he can hopefully get in. This is a negative portrayal of minorities because it is saying that they have an easier chance of getting into college because they are a minority. It reinforces the stereotype that colleges have a certain quota to fill and that minorities sometimes do have an easier time getting into a certain college. If I were a member of this group, I would not want other members of societies receiving this image of me as a member of this group because I would not want them to think that I got accepted into a college because of my race. I would want my acceptance into college to be viewed as an achievement because I worked hard in high school. This portrayal sends out the message that minorities are sometimes given extra benefits because of what colleges have to do. 7. ) An example of how minorities are portrayed in popular culture is on the TV show, Family Matters. This show is about a middle-class African American family that lives in Chicago. I believe this show is a positive portrayal because it shows a functional black family with goals and aspirations. Other shows that I have watched unfortunately present blacks as violent people who are often linked to crime. They are portrayed as â€Å"gangsters† in many shows, and it seems as though their only aspirations are to become a rapper or a basketball player. However, in Family Matters, there is a middle class black family that is portrayed in a very positive light. There are no violent acts being committed, and as a matter of fact, the father is a policeman who helps prevent violent acts. If I were a member of this group I would approve of this portrayal because this family is not being portrayed as a dysfunctional black family. This show was able to incorporate comedy in the episodes without being demeaning. 8) In the movie Mean Girls, there is a group of Asians called the â€Å"Asian Nerds† and they are constantly studying. Asians are often linked with the stereotype that they are superior students. I feel as though this could be both a negative and positive stereotype. It is good to be seen as successful and smart but not all Asians should be perceived to be academically exceptional. I would not want to be perceived in this way because then it seems like you have an expectations to live up to and what if you cannot live up to them? What if you are Asian and you are not a â€Å"genius†? I would constantly feel pressure and if I was unable to live up to that expectation I can only imagine the anxiety that I would feel and I would most likely be embarrassed to get help. It is true that it is positive thing to be seen as a successful race but it comes along with too many expectation and negative stereotypes such as being uninterested in having fun. ) This cover of Vogue magazine can be interpreted negatively because some people believe that Lebron James is standing in a gorilla-like pose. This cover can be traced back to days when scientists were claiming that blacks are linked to apes. This is a negative stereotype because it dehumanizes black. Researchers say that even though depictions of blacks as apes have disappeared; it is still in the subconsciouses of others. Society may be more likely to link blacks with crime and violence because they still don't accept blacks as fully human. The fact that blacks are still being associated with apes is very distressing. Clearly, if I were in this group I would not want other members of society viewing me as â€Å"ape-like. † It dehumanizes blacks and links them to negative actions such as crime. 10. Another example of how minorities are portrayed in the media is through a show called The Office. In one of the episodes, the main character Michael is forming a basketball team and he immediately recruits one of his employees named Stanley, because he is black. He automatically assumes that Stanley is good at basketball because he is black even though Stanley tries to tell him otherwise. However, Michael clings onto the stereotype that all blacks are good at basketball and in the end he is proved wrong. I do not think this is a good stereotype because you cannot group everybody that belongs to a certain race into one category. Not all blacks are going to be good at basketball, just like not all Asians are going to be smart. We develop pre-conceived notions about people based on their race, and it is not good. I would not want other members of society perceiving me in this way because the stereotype does not hold true for all blacks.

Cardiorespiratory Focus On Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay

The scenario concerns the survey of blood force per unit area scientific discipline and ordinance in the content of high blood pressure. Following, each aim is stated and so analyzed. A 31 twelvemonth old adult male goes to his GP because he has started to hold terrible concerns that come on all of a sudden at assorted times during the twenty-four hours. He is a fiscal analyst who works in a bank in Canary Warf. Many of his co-workers have been made redundant but he has kept his occupation, although his line director has made it clear that he may lose it in the following few months if the state of affairs does non better. He says he works at least 15 hours a twenty-four hours and his matrimony is enduring because of this. He is seeking to give up smoke ( 1-2 battalions per twenty-four hours ) but the emphasis of work has made this hard. He goes with friends out to a wine saloon on a regular basis and admits to imbibing to a great extent one time or twice a hebdomad. Further oppugning reveals that his male parent died aged 61 from a shot. On scrutiny he is found to hold a BMI of 34 and a blood force per unit area of 190/125 mmHg. Retinal scrutiny shows some abnorma lcies ( â€Å" silvering † ) in the blood vass. After look intoing the blood force per unit area reading on two farther occasions the GP suggests that his jobs are related to conceal blood force per unit area and refers him to the local high blood pressure clinic. After undergoing farther trials at the clinic he is started on drug therapy and given lifestyle advice. What is blood force per unit area and how is it regulated? Oxford medical dictionary defines blood force per unit area as â€Å" the force per unit area of blood exerted on the walls of blood vass † ( 1 ) . The maximal blood force per unit area exerted during systole when blood enters the aorta is called â€Å" systolic † whereas the minimal force per unit area exerted when aortal valves near during diastole is called â€Å" diastolic † . Figure 1 shows the alterations in force per unit area in aorta during cardiac rhythm bespeaking the systolic and diastolic force per unit areas. Fig. 1 – Systolic and diastolic force per unit areas ( 2 ) Blood force per unit area in the organic structure must be maintained in the normal degrees non merely to keep perfusion of blood to all the organic structure but besides to forestall unwanted complications due to high blood force per unit area. Therefore, the blood force per unit area should stay inside a scope of values. However, blood force per unit area frequently changes. During physical exercising higher force per unit area facilitates greater perfusion in the musculuss providing them with more O. Blood force per unit area depends on two chief parametric quantities: Cardiac end product ( C.O ) : Cardiac end product which is the sum of blood pumped from the bosom per minute depends on the shot volume and the bosom rate. Entire peripheral opposition ( T.P.R ) : It is the entire opposition exerted by the peripheral vasculature. This chiefly depends on the radius of the vass – narrower vass exert greater opposition. The above are linked with the undermentioned equation: M.A.P = C.O x T.P.R From the above relationship it is obvious that by altering the values of C.O or T.P.R the blood force per unit area ( average arterial force per unit area ) can alter every bit good. Based on this, three chief mechanisms are used to modulate blood force per unit area when it lies outside the normal scope: Neuronal system – Baroreceptors This is chiefly used for short term ordinance of blood force per unit area. Baroreceptors are detectors found in the internal carotid arteria ( carotid fistula ) and on the aorta ( aortal fistula ) ( 3 ) . These are detectors that can observe differences in stretch in these arterias bespeaking differences in blood force per unit area. These detectors are innervated by the Vagus ( X ) and glossopharyngeal ( IX ) nervousnesss which travel up to cardioinhibitory and vasomotor centre in the myelin of the encephalon. Increase in blood force per unit area ( high blood pressure ) increases the fire of baroreceptors to the vasomotor centre. This causes a lessening in the sympathetic nervous outflow doing relaxation of the arteriolas, therefore diminishing T.P.R. In add-on, the cardioinhibitory Centre increases the parasympathetic activity decelerating down the bosom rate, therefore cut downing C.O ( 4 ) . Consequently the M.A.P is decreased. The contrary applies when blood force per unit are a is low ( hypotension ) . Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the baroreceptor physiological reaction. Fig. 2 – Baroreceptor physiological reaction ( 5 ) Hormonal system – RAAS system This system is for longer term ordinance of blood force per unit area every bit good as blood volume. Figure 3 presents the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System.AldosteroneSecretionAngiotensinogenAngiotensin IIAngiotensin IFig. 3 – RAAS ( 6 ) In the kidneys Low Na concentration in the distal tubing, which indicates low blood force per unit area, is detected by sunspot densa cells. Furthermore, autumn in nephritic perfusion is detected by the juxtaglomerular setup. A bead in either of these two causes the release of renin from the kidney. In the pneumonic circulation renin is used to change over angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is so split into Angiotensin II which is a vasoconstrictive. It besides acts on the adrenal secretory organs to let go of aldosterone. Aldosterone is a endocrine that increases the synthesis of Na+/K+-ATPase, therefore increasing Na and H2O resorption. On the whole, this mechanism increases both the volume of the blood and T.P.R to overall increase the force per unit area ( 7 ) . Atrial Natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) This is once more a hormonal manner of blood ordinance. Specialized atrial myocytes can feel increased stretching of the atrial walls of the bosom due to increased blood volumes. These let go of the ANP endocrine which decreases the release of chymosin in the blood ensuing in a lessening in the activity of RAAS. In add-on, it causes increased force per unit area in the capsule of the kidney by coincident relaxation of the afferent arteriola and bottleneck of the motorial arteriola so as to increase glomerular filtration rate. Define and sort high blood pressure. How is high blood pressure measured? WHO on its ain definition of high blood pressure states the followers: â€Å" Blood force per unit area, like tallness and weight, is a uninterrupted biological variable with no cut-off point dividing normotension from high blood pressure. The uninterrupted relationship between the degree of blood force per unit area and cardiovascular hazard makes any numerical definition and categorization of high blood pressure slightly arbitrary. Therefore, a definition of high blood pressure is normally taken as that degree of arterial blood force per unit area associated with doubling of long-run cardiovascular hazard † ( 8 ) High blood pressure can be classified in different ways harmonizing to the standards of categorization. Depending on the cause high blood pressure is classified in ( 9 ) : Essential – Primary high blood pressure: the cause in unknown. Secondary high blood pressure: there is an underlying obvious cause. Depending on the existent blood force per unit area degrees, British Hypertension Society guidelines sort Hypertension as presented on the tabular array below ( Fig.4 ) : Fig. 4 – British Hypertension Society categorization of blood force per unit area degrees ( 10 ) Sphygmometer is used to mensurate blood force per unit area of the brachial arteria. However, a individual elevated reading on scrutiny does non bespeak high blood pressure. This might be due to anxiousness and addition of sympathetic activity. This state of affairs is called the â€Å" white coat syndrome † . As a consequence, blood force per unit area must be measured more than one time every bit good as measured at place when the patient is relaxed. What are the physiological causes of high blood pressure? To get down with, it is indispensable to understand the scientific discipline behind the haemodynamics in order to be able to understand the physiological causes of high blood pressure: Independently of the cause, high blood pressure develops as a effect of one of the followers: High Intravascular volume: This means that there is a high volume of blood in the circulation that increases the venous return in the bosom. Consequently, this increases the preload and therefore the C.O taking to elevated blood force per unit area as described in the first aim. High intravascular volume may be due to increased H2O and salt keeping because of high angiotonin II and aldosterone concentrations, or nephritic tissue harm. Increased venous return: In this instance the intravascular volume is normal but there is increased venous tone which once more increases the venous return to the bosom. Abnormal arterial wall: This implies either reduced radius of arterial lms or decreased conformity. The first is true in increased sympathetic activity and atheromatous plaques formation. The latter is true in reduced snap and collagen replacing due to increased age or harm due to substances such as smoke. Merely 5-10 % of instances have an underlying obvious cause of high blood pressure. As mentioned earlier high blood pressure is categorized based on cause as follows: Essential In indispensable high blood pressure there is no obvious cause for high blood force per unit area. There is a assortment of hazard factors taking to this type of high blood pressure that will be explained subsequently. Different researches over the old ages have concluded to some theories that might explicate indispensable high blood pressure. These are ( 11 ) : High sympathetic tone: Increased sympathetic tone even when the individual is relaxed causes vasoconstriction of the arteriolas and finally hypertrophy of the smooth musculus in the vass. High salt in diet: High salt in diet has been related to keeping of H2O, increased blood volume and therefore high blood pressure Stress: As in our instance, emphasis increases the activity of sympathetic system. Stress for long periods causes hypertrophy of smooth musculus in arteriolas and contracting of their lms so that high blood pressure remains even in stress free periods. A combination of the above may be. Secondary Secondary high blood pressure may hold several causes as explained below: Nephritic disease: On one manus secondary high blood pressure may be due to stricture of a nephritic arteria. This triggers the RAAS system and increases blood force per unit area. On the other manus there may be devastation of the nephritic tissue taking to inability of kidneys to egest necessary sum of H2O or salt taking once more to high blood pressure. Endocrinological tumors: Tumours of secretory organs that secrete endocrines such as aldosterone. Hyperaldosteroinism ( Conn ‘s syndrome ) can take to hyper-secretion of aldosterone doing greater resorption of H2O and Na than normal ( 12 ) . Congenital aortal deformity: This is constriction of aorta which is fundamentally the narrowing of aorta, ensuing in reduced nephritic perfusion and activation of the RAAS system Combined Oral preventive pills: This is a type of drug induced high blood pressure. In this instance oestrogen administrated as a portion of the preventive pill acts as a vasoconstrictive and besides increases angiotensinogen ( 4 ) . Eclampsia – Pregnancy: Although the grounds behind this are non wholly clear, pre-eclampsia may be due to placental disfunction every bit good as immune response of the female parent against the placental tissue conveying about high blood pressure ( 13 ) . Hazard factors There are a figure of hazard factors responsible for developing high blood pressure which have been supported by a assortment of surveies. A survey published on 2006 based on informations collected on a population of American Indians indicates some of the undermentioned as hazard factors for high blood pressure ( 14 ) . These can be extrapolated for the general population. Hazard factors are non merely familial but besides environmental factors. Most of the below are true in our PBL scenario: African lineage Sexual activity gender – males: A research published late on Hypertension diary provinces that mistake signals in commanding of the sympathetic system exist between the two genders giving differences in the controlling of blood force per unit area ( 15 ) . Increasing age Low societal category High salt consumption, high fat diet Stress Fleshiness Chronic conditions such as diabetes, nephritic diseases, sleep apnoea. High intoxicants intake Smoking No exercising What are the symptoms and what are possible complications of high blood pressure? High blood pressure is known as the â€Å" soundless slayer † as most of the times is symptomless until it develops sudden complications such as shots or bosom onslaughts that can take to decease ( 16 ) . Often, the high blood pressure is non detected until a random look into up modus operandi is taken. However some people may see the followers: Dizziness Blurred vision ( due to damage of the retina of the oculus ) Concern Long-standing high blood pressure will finally do coronary artery disease with all the possible effects of the disease. Furthermore, it causes reconstructing – hypertrophy of the bosom taking to more dangerous state of affairss. Serious complications of high blood pressure are: Nephritic decease ( 17 ) : It can take to weakened or narrowed blood vass in kidney impairing its map. Stroke: Vessels of the encephalon may split or non good perfused taking to stroke. Heart onslaught: The bosom has to work harder to pump blood against greater force per unit area. This may develop bosom failure and inability of the bosom to pump blood to cover organic structure ‘s demands. Aneurysms: May do pouching in arterias taking to tearing them Vision loss: Due to damage of the little fragile vass of the oculus. What are the intervention and lifestyle alterations for the patient? A combination of drug intervention and lifestyle alterations is necessary for bar of the complications listed above ( 18 ) . The following table lists interventions and the mechanism they work. Drug Category Drug name Mechanism ACE inhibitors Enalapril They block the transition of angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I and therefore barricade the RAAS. Diuretic drugs Thiazides They increase the sum of H2O and salts excreted in the piss so that they decrease blood volume. I ±-blockers Doxazosin They work by barricading I ±1-adrenoreceptors on the walls of blood vass so that they cause vasodilatation. I?-blockers Atenolol They block I?1- adrenoreceptors on the bosom diminishing bosom rate and shot strength, therefore diminishing cardiac end product and finally force per unit area. CaC blockers Nifedipine They block the Ca channels forestalling Ca come ining the cell. As a consequence they prevent vasoconstriction. In add-on to the drug therapy the patient has to watch his diet by cut downing the Na and fat consumption. Exercise should go portion of his life and surcease of smoke and restricting intoxicant ingestion are necessary. Patient has to restrict his emphasis every bit much as possible and regular monitoring of blood force per unit area can be life salvaging.

Agricultural Change And Intensification In Britain Environmental Sciences Essay

Emphasis was placed upon the usage of modern and intensive agricultural patterns to increase end product, ensuing in enhanced mechanization, enlargement and intensification ( Dobbs and Pretty, 2004 ) . However, a move to big scale agri-business resulted in profound and inauspicious effects on rural biodiversity and farming area home grounds with the over-exploitation of their valuable resources. Habitats underwent considerable debasement, peculiarly with hedge remotion to suit larger machinery, destructing extremely good nutrient beginnings and engendering home grounds for wildlife. Additionally, technological promotions led to the widespread execution of man-made chemical weedkillers and pesticides to increase outputs, which resulted in terrible damaging effects to flora, zoologies and H2O quality. Furthermore, the debut of larger and more sophisticated agricultural machinery and cultivated land procedures resulted in significant decreases to dirty quality, through compression and eroding. With 75 % of UK land classed as agricultural, cumulatively these damaging effects sparked major concern ( Montemayor et al. , 2010 ) . 1.2 The Rise of Modern Environmentalism As a consequence of the widespread debasement of agricultural ecosystems during the post-war period, the coming of modern environmentalism in the 1970s and 1980s focussed consciousness on the importance of extenuating the inauspicious impacts of agricultural intensification. The publication of Rachel Carson ‘s ‘Silent Spring ‘ in 1962 is thought to hold been a major landmark in the outgrowth of environmental consciousness ( Dunlap, 2008 ) . Carson highlighted the considerable damaging side-effects of pesticide use, peculiarly DDT. Concern was sparked amongst ecologists over the possible for bioaccumulation of DDT within ecosystems and its harmful generative impacts, peculiarly for birds. Doctors and the general population besides feared the harmful effects of indiscriminate DDT usage, due to toxicity and carcinogenic effects ( Carson, 1962 ) . Therefore, the publication of ‘Silent Spring ‘ instigated the modern environmental motion, and people became mor e cognizant of the jobs faced within the agricultural sector. 1.3 The Common Agricultural Policy The European Union Common Agricultural Policy ( CAP ) provides agricultural subsidies to member provinces in order to advance sustainable agribusiness ( European Commission, 2010 ) . The CAP is made up of 2 pillars ; pillar 1 encompasses market support steps and direct payments for run intoing cross-compliance criterions chiefly for the environment, nutrient safety and animate being public assistance. Pillar 2 nevertheless is focussed upon rural development programmes ( House of Lords, 2005 ) . The early CAP of the 1950s was focussed upon pillar 1 steps, for increasing autonomy through the proviso of inducements to husbandmans in order to promote greater productiveness. However, with the rise of modern environmentalism, the agricultural accent shifted towards environmental sustainability, doing a bifurcation of the function of land directors with the demand to non merely supply agricultural efficiency, but besides to integrate environmental protection ( ref ) . With increasing accent on environmental saving, and a realization of the potency of agro-ecological procedures, the United Kingdom introduced the first agri-environmental strategy in 1987, named the Environmentally Sensitive Areas strategy ( ESA ) . This was superseded by the Countryside Stewardship Scheme ( CSS ) in 1991 which was a consequence of the major CAP reforms of the 1990s, aimed at supplying for the altering demands of both the agricultural sector and the wider community ( Natural England ) . Figure 1.1 clearly illustrates the alterations to UK agri-environment strategies which took topographic point between 1973 and 2000, foregrounding the important changes to agricultural precede nces. Figure 1.1: Changes in UK agri-environment strategy subsidies from 1973 – 2000 ( beginning: Monetary value, 2003, p.122 ) . Degree centigrades: UsersEmPicturesimg010.jpg Since so, the demand to extenuate clime alteration has been progressively recognised, in order to restrict dirt and H2O debasement and to control the loss of biodiversity. Whilst direct pillar 1 subsidy payments still exist under the Single Farm Payment Scheme, accent has been shifted to pillar 2 policies ; redesigned to non merely crippled environmental harm, but heighten the agricultural landscape through the publicity of more sustainable agriculture patterns that will make a natural environment that is better suited to defy the impacts of climatic alteration. 1.4 Environmental Stewardship The Environmental Stewardship ( ES ) strategy was introduced in 2005, as a agency to counterbalance husbandmans for supplying specific environmental criterions that go beyond the cross-compliance standard of the CAP. ES strategies are administered for the authorities ‘s Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs ( DEFRA ) by Natural England, and are a cardinal constituent of the European Union funded Rural Development Programme for England 2007-2013, conveying together the old CSS and ESA strategies ( Natural England ) . As keepers and stewards of the rural landscape, husbandmans have an intuitive ethical duty to continue and enrich farming area ecosystems ; nevertheless this is frequently non realistic in footings of fiscal viability ( ref ) . With the major challenges posed by clime alteration, and subsequent nutrient security issues, it has become progressively of import that support and counsel is made available for husbandmans and land directors. This enables the bringing of effectual environmental protection, whilst keeping premier agricultural land, to heighten the part of agribusiness to climate alteration extenuation through diminishing nursery gas emanations and bettering dirt C segregation ( Natural England ) . Environmental Stewardship strategies are presently the primary beginning of pecuniary inducements, dwelling of Entry Level Stewardship ( ELS ) , Higher Level Stewardship ( HLS ) , Organic Entry Level Stewardship ( OELS ) and Uplands Entry Level Stewardship ( UELS ) . It is recognised that little graduated table husbandmans must stay the focal point of such enterprises, explicating the demand for 4 different multi-objective strategies. The chief aims of Environmental Stewardship are to: preserve biodiversity maintain and enhance landscape quality protect the historic environment promote public apprehension and entree protect natural dirt and H2O resources ( Natural England, 2010 ) ELS enchiridion ) This survey will concentrate merely upon ELS and HLS ; explained in the undermentioned subdivisions. 1.4.1 Entry Level Stewardship The ELS strategy is a 5 twelvemonth understanding, open to all land directors in England, and offers a broad scope of options for simple yet effectual environmental direction. 30 points per hectare must be chosen from over 50 options, in order to have a payment of A ; lb ; 30 per hectare per twelvemonth. Management options include the usage of buffer strips, assorted stocking, screen harvests, harvest rotary motion and watercourse fence ( Natural England ELS enchiridion ) . ELS is a wide and shallow, high uptake attack with environmental demands that are comparatively easy to run into without significantly changing direction patterns. 1.4.2 Higher Degree Stewardship HLS normally builds upon ELS, OELS or UELS, offering a higher tiered direction strategy. It is more complex and demanding, necessitating well greater input, which is reflected in the higher compensation payments for direction input and capital plants. Emphasis is placed upon specialized land direction to supply important environmental addition in high precedence countries. HLS understandings last for 10 old ages, and are a competitory and discretional, narrow and deep attack with a lower application success rate. In add-on to the sweetening of ELS aims, HLS provides chances for bettering public entree and carry oning educational visits ( Natural England: HLS handbook 2010 ) . 1.5 Purposes This research undertaking aims to supply an original penetration into the effectivity of the Environmental Stewardship strategy. While other surveies focus upon the motivations of participants and the obstructions that limit engagement, this probe will turn to an underexplored, yet extremely relevant subject which relates non merely to agricultural patterns, but to wider environmental and anthropogenetic clime alteration concerns that remain at the head of current arguments. 1.6 Research Questions This probe aims to specifically turn to the undermentioned research inquiries: Are the ecological benefits to vegetations and zoologies well better under the Higher Level Stewardship Scheme when compared to the Entry Level Stewardship Scheme? Is there a pronounced sweetening of flora species richness under HLS when compared to ELS? Is H2O quality and therefore aquatic species diverseness enhanced under HLS? Does macrolepidoptera copiousness and composing exhibit significant sweetening under higher tiered direction schemes? Are dirt features significantly altered under different direction grades? 2. Overall, is Environmental Stewardship an effectual manner to pull off the rural landscape, and can the high fiscal input required be considered cost effectual in footings of the environmental return? 1.7 Aims To ease the scrutiny of the purposes and research inquiries the undermentioned aims will be used: 1. Identify 4 appropriate survey sites ; 2 ELS and 2 HLS managed farms in South Devon on which the necessary research can be conducted. 2. Undertake macroinvertebrate, dirt, flora and macrolepidoptera trying at each survey site. 3. Identify all species observed and collate informations obtained from each location. 4. Process informations utilizing appropriate graphical and statistical techniques. 5. Discourse the consequences that are obtained in order to derive a reasoned and representative rating of the effectivity of the different Environmental Stewardship direction grades. In order to carry through these aims, a literature reappraisal will be undertaken to supply farther penetration into the subject, and inform the informations aggregation, analysis and treatment chapters. Agricultural Change And Intensification In Britain Environmental Sciences Essay Emphasis was placed upon the usage of modern and intensive agricultural patterns to increase end product, ensuing in enhanced mechanization, enlargement and intensification ( Dobbs and Pretty, 2004 ) . However, a move to big scale agri-business resulted in profound and inauspicious effects on rural biodiversity and farming area home grounds with the over-exploitation of their valuable resources. Habitats underwent considerable debasement, peculiarly with hedge remotion to suit larger machinery, destructing extremely good nutrient beginnings and engendering home grounds for wildlife. Additionally, technological promotions led to the widespread execution of man-made chemical weedkillers and pesticides to increase outputs, which resulted in terrible damaging effects to flora, zoologies and H2O quality. Furthermore, the debut of larger and more sophisticated agricultural machinery and cultivated land procedures resulted in significant decreases to dirty quality, through compression and eroding. With 75 % of UK land classed as agricultural, cumulatively these damaging effects sparked major concern ( Montemayor et al. , 2010 ) . 1.2 The Rise of Modern Environmentalism As a consequence of the widespread debasement of agricultural ecosystems during the post-war period, the coming of modern environmentalism in the 1970s and 1980s focussed consciousness on the importance of extenuating the inauspicious impacts of agricultural intensification. The publication of Rachel Carson ‘s ‘Silent Spring ‘ in 1962 is thought to hold been a major landmark in the outgrowth of environmental consciousness ( Dunlap, 2008 ) . Carson highlighted the considerable damaging side-effects of pesticide use, peculiarly DDT. Concern was sparked amongst ecologists over the possible for bioaccumulation of DDT within ecosystems and its harmful generative impacts, peculiarly for birds. Doctors and the general population besides feared the harmful effects of indiscriminate DDT usage, due to toxicity and carcinogenic effects ( Carson, 1962 ) . Therefore, the publication of ‘Silent Spring ‘ instigated the modern environmental motion, and people became mor e cognizant of the jobs faced within the agricultural sector. 1.3 The Common Agricultural Policy The European Union Common Agricultural Policy ( CAP ) provides agricultural subsidies to member provinces in order to advance sustainable agribusiness ( European Commission, 2010 ) . The CAP is made up of 2 pillars ; pillar 1 encompasses market support steps and direct payments for run intoing cross-compliance criterions chiefly for the environment, nutrient safety and animate being public assistance. Pillar 2 nevertheless is focussed upon rural development programmes ( House of Lords, 2005 ) . The early CAP of the 1950s was focussed upon pillar 1 steps, for increasing autonomy through the proviso of inducements to husbandmans in order to promote greater productiveness. However, with the rise of modern environmentalism, the agricultural accent shifted towards environmental sustainability, doing a bifurcation of the function of land directors with the demand to non merely supply agricultural efficiency, but besides to integrate environmental protection ( ref ) . With increasing accent on environmental saving, and a realization of the potency of agro-ecological procedures, the United Kingdom introduced the first agri-environmental strategy in 1987, named the Environmentally Sensitive Areas strategy ( ESA ) . This was superseded by the Countryside Stewardship Scheme ( CSS ) in 1991 which was a consequence of the major CAP reforms of the 1990s, aimed at supplying for the altering demands of both the agricultural sector and the wider community ( Natural England ) . Figure 1.1 clearly illustrates the alterations to UK agri-environment strategies which took topographic point between 1973 and 2000, foregrounding the important changes to agricultural precede nces. Figure 1.1: Changes in UK agri-environment strategy subsidies from 1973 – 2000 ( beginning: Monetary value, 2003, p.122 ) . Degree centigrades: UsersEmPicturesimg010.jpg Since so, the demand to extenuate clime alteration has been progressively recognised, in order to restrict dirt and H2O debasement and to control the loss of biodiversity. Whilst direct pillar 1 subsidy payments still exist under the Single Farm Payment Scheme, accent has been shifted to pillar 2 policies ; redesigned to non merely crippled environmental harm, but heighten the agricultural landscape through the publicity of more sustainable agriculture patterns that will make a natural environment that is better suited to defy the impacts of climatic alteration. 1.4 Environmental Stewardship The Environmental Stewardship ( ES ) strategy was introduced in 2005, as a agency to counterbalance husbandmans for supplying specific environmental criterions that go beyond the cross-compliance standard of the CAP. ES strategies are administered for the authorities ‘s Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs ( DEFRA ) by Natural England, and are a cardinal constituent of the European Union funded Rural Development Programme for England 2007-2013, conveying together the old CSS and ESA strategies ( Natural England ) . As keepers and stewards of the rural landscape, husbandmans have an intuitive ethical duty to continue and enrich farming area ecosystems ; nevertheless this is frequently non realistic in footings of fiscal viability ( ref ) . With the major challenges posed by clime alteration, and subsequent nutrient security issues, it has become progressively of import that support and counsel is made available for husbandmans and land directors. This enables the bringing of effectual environmental protection, whilst keeping premier agricultural land, to heighten the part of agribusiness to climate alteration extenuation through diminishing nursery gas emanations and bettering dirt C segregation ( Natural England ) . Environmental Stewardship strategies are presently the primary beginning of pecuniary inducements, dwelling of Entry Level Stewardship ( ELS ) , Higher Level Stewardship ( HLS ) , Organic Entry Level Stewardship ( OELS ) and Uplands Entry Level Stewardship ( UELS ) . It is recognised that little graduated table husbandmans must stay the focal point of such enterprises, explicating the demand for 4 different multi-objective strategies. The chief aims of Environmental Stewardship are to: preserve biodiversity maintain and enhance landscape quality protect the historic environment promote public apprehension and entree protect natural dirt and H2O resources ( Natural England, 2010 ) ELS enchiridion ) This survey will concentrate merely upon ELS and HLS ; explained in the undermentioned subdivisions. 1.4.1 Entry Level Stewardship The ELS strategy is a 5 twelvemonth understanding, open to all land directors in England, and offers a broad scope of options for simple yet effectual environmental direction. 30 points per hectare must be chosen from over 50 options, in order to have a payment of A ; lb ; 30 per hectare per twelvemonth. Management options include the usage of buffer strips, assorted stocking, screen harvests, harvest rotary motion and watercourse fence ( Natural England ELS enchiridion ) . ELS is a wide and shallow, high uptake attack with environmental demands that are comparatively easy to run into without significantly changing direction patterns. 1.4.2 Higher Degree Stewardship HLS normally builds upon ELS, OELS or UELS, offering a higher tiered direction strategy. It is more complex and demanding, necessitating well greater input, which is reflected in the higher compensation payments for direction input and capital plants. Emphasis is placed upon specialized land direction to supply important environmental addition in high precedence countries. HLS understandings last for 10 old ages, and are a competitory and discretional, narrow and deep attack with a lower application success rate. In add-on to the sweetening of ELS aims, HLS provides chances for bettering public entree and carry oning educational visits ( Natural England: HLS handbook 2010 ) . 1.5 Purposes This research undertaking aims to supply an original penetration into the effectivity of the Environmental Stewardship strategy. While other surveies focus upon the motivations of participants and the obstructions that limit engagement, this probe will turn to an underexplored, yet extremely relevant subject which relates non merely to agricultural patterns, but to wider environmental and anthropogenetic clime alteration concerns that remain at the head of current arguments. 1.6 Research Questions This probe aims to specifically turn to the undermentioned research inquiries: Are the ecological benefits to vegetations and zoologies well better under the Higher Level Stewardship Scheme when compared to the Entry Level Stewardship Scheme? Is there a pronounced sweetening of flora species richness under HLS when compared to ELS? Is H2O quality and therefore aquatic species diverseness enhanced under HLS? Does macrolepidoptera copiousness and composing exhibit significant sweetening under higher tiered direction schemes? Are dirt features significantly altered under different direction grades? 2. Overall, is Environmental Stewardship an effectual manner to pull off the rural landscape, and can the high fiscal input required be considered cost effectual in footings of the environmental return? 1.7 Aims To ease the scrutiny of the purposes and research inquiries the undermentioned aims will be used: 1. Identify 4 appropriate survey sites ; 2 ELS and 2 HLS managed farms in South Devon on which the necessary research can be conducted. 2. Undertake macroinvertebrate, dirt, flora and macrolepidoptera trying at each survey site. 3. Identify all species observed and collate informations obtained from each location. 4. Process informations utilizing appropriate graphical and statistical techniques. 5. Discourse the consequences that are obtained in order to derive a reasoned and representative rating of the effectivity of the different Environmental Stewardship direction grades. In order to carry through these aims, a literature reappraisal will be undertaken to supply farther penetration into the subject, and inform the informations aggregation, analysis and treatment chapters.

How legal cultures differ from England to Germany Essay

How legal cultures differ from England to Germany - Essay Example In the cases provided, it is imperative to understand case proceedings depending on the legal culture of the land and identify the various means used by the courtroom in the identification of the respective rulings The first case is that involving Lord Bernstein against Mr. Ashby in court. The plaintiff, Lord Bernstein, states that the defendant, Mr. Ashby failed to observe Mr. Bernstein’s right to privacy when he flew around his house taking photographs of the premises without his consent. In this case, there is the protection of the plaintiff’s privacy by the laws of the land through the fact that the owner has a right over the immediate air space above his land. This makes sure that he has some authority over the activities that take place above that area. This protection of privacy is accorded directly referring to Winfield on Tort (Frank, 2010, 25). Winfield on Tort is one reputable source of enactments provided by the British constitution, it is clear that the pla intiff in this case had protection of privacy as it stated that the activities carried out were an act of trespass. This information is cited from the constitution through which England is run. Chapter 2 in the bill of rights after the fourth amendment in 1996 also provides for this (Steinfield, 2010, 77). It is important to understand that the judge was fast to dismiss any claims stating that the defendant had committed a criminal activity by disturbing the plaintiff’s peace. This is from the fact that for someone to provide a case stating any form nuisance the airplane had to have been flying at a certain height and this was not clearly stated (Baron, 1978, 484). It is from this that the judge found it rather excessive to go for the nuisance charges on top of the trespass ones already provided. The judge was also clear to identify the Air Navigation Act 1920, Section 9 replaced by the Civil Aviation Act 1949 which states that the claims to both nuisance and trespass are exc essive and should not hold up in any legal process (Lemmings, 2011, 167) This was the point where there is the identification that the judge did not have the ability to make a decision based on his views but rather had to refer to the act. Despite this being the law that governed his decision, it is important to note that the judge had the ability to express his views in that he stated that going for the nuisance charge was rather outrageous. This independence was rather clear and concise in that he also had the ability to fully follow the act and go for both charges but after looking at the facts of the case, there was the identification of various issues allowing a much lesser charge (Baron, 1978, 486). The issues identified in the case that had the judge extend his independence as to not follow the act entirely are such as the level at which the airplane was flying. The defendant had not gone around the premises enough times for the plaintiff to state that there was disturbance. This is from the fact that the plaintiff stated that he had not noticed the airplane circling around his house all through until it came to his attention that the defendant had photographed the premises (Baron, 1978, 488). According to the Civil Aviation Act of 1949 trespassing is identified when the defendant flies as low as getting in contact with private material on the premises of the plaintiff such as trees and

Rising Costs of U.S Health Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rising Costs of U.S Health Care - Research Paper Example Central to this U.S health care issue is the nursing profession. Registered nurses in U.S health care facilities participate in all activities of the medical process, and they are the largest group of health care experts in U.S medical facilities. As the U.S government embarks on the quest of lowering medical costs through health care reforms, the nursing profession is greatly affected by pressure on health care centers to cut on spending on nurses. The American Hospital Association (2001) showed that hospitals in the U.S had a deficit of 126,000 nurses, statistics that show that a worrying 90% of medical facilities in the U.S do not have enough nursing staff to attend to patients. Left to stand, this deficit is estimated to rise to 400,000 fewer nurses in 2020 (National Health Program, 2008).The elderly and terminally ill are at greatest risk as their life expectancy is threatened with the limited access to nursing staff. Conversely, the nursing profession has become less popular wi th the younger Americans going into and coming out of medical training institutions. Majority of registered nurses in the U.S health care system are above 30 years, and the average age of working nurses is at 43 years in long term care facilities (National Health Program, 2008). This age statistic is expected to go up as the health care crisis makes the nursing profession a declining occupation as compared to other occupations among professional Americans. Fiscal challenges in the U.S health care system prompt organizations.... h care due to medical conditions that become worse when otherwise and with health care insurance easier and less expensive treatments could have been accessed in time. Worse still, advanced medical technology and better prescription drugs are more expensive which translates to more expenses for the Americans who are in need of health care. Central to this U.S health care issue is the nursing profession. Registered nurses in U.S health care facilities participate in all activities of the medical process, and they are the largest group of health care experts in U.S medical facilities. As the U.S government embarks on the quest of lowering medical costs through health care reforms, the nursing profession is greatly affected by pressure on health care centers to cut on spending on nurses. The American Hospital Association (2001) showed that hospitals in the U.S had a deficit of 126,000 nurses, statistics that show that a worrying 90% of medical facilities in the U.S do not have enough nu rsing staff to attend to patients. Left to stand, this deficit is estimated to rise to 400,000 fewer nurses in 2020 (National Health Program, 2008). The elderly and terminally ill are at greatest risk as their life expectancy is threatened with the limited access to nursing staff. Conversely, the nursing profession has become less popular with the younger Americans going into and coming out of medical training institutions. Majority of registered nurses in the U.S health care system are above 30 years, and the average age of working nurses is at 43 years in long term care facilities (National Health Program, 2008). This age statistic is expected to go up as the health care crisis makes the nursing profession a declining occupation as compared to other occupations among professional

The Project of Maple Leaf Shoes Ltd-Job Case Study - 14

The Project of Maple Leaf Shoes Ltd-Job - Case Study Example Additionally, his approach to the project also appears focused and effective since he appears to be operating on the assumption that a human resource department must be able to satisfy the needs of its clients, including employees and managers. Â  Although Lance approach had quite a number of strengths, his approach to the project appears to have had more methodological and theoretical flaws than strengths. The first major weakness in his approach is evident in the question checklist, which was very short. Accordingly, the question checklist could not give a comprehensive insight into the functions of the human resource. The second major weakness in his approach was that he failed to follow all the job analysis procedures. The third weakness was that the response was received from only three out of the five managers, which was a fundamental flaw. In fact, the interview that Lance conducted with Clark was of no use taking into consideration the fact that it was marred by interruptions. Another weakness in the Lance approach to the project was that Lance failed to meet with the unions, subordinates, and other employees who work at other locations far from the head office. Conventionally, it would have been appropriate that L ance meet all the stakeholders who play a critical part in ensuring the effectiveness of the human resource management. Â  Another major weakness in Lance’s approach also became clear after conducting the three interviews. According to the case, it is clear that Lance had no idea of job roles, the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of HR department functions, as well as a performance standard, after conducting three interviews. Certainly, this was a major weakness as conventionally people would expect him to be highly knowledgeable about these issues at the end of the third interview.

Safe use of Health Information Technology Research Paper

Safe use of Health Information Technology - Research Paper Example Poor workflow and inefficient communication inevitably create more health IT sentinel events. Although communication and workflow are vital, the clinical content must also be well-structured to enable effective communication (The Joint Commission, 2015). For example, health records managers must be supplied with relevant and cogent information because they enter clinical data into systems on an as-is basis. Wrong or illegible data creates problems during retrieval. The success of any health IT framework also depends on internal organizational policies, procedures and cultures. These three aspects should be congruent with the overall objectives of the health IT system. Some cultures, policies and procedures hinder the efficient operation of the system, leading to health sentinel IT situations (Johnson, 2014). The level of training received by health staff determines their effectiveness in their duties. However, training is merely a means to an end. Employees should be taught to follow set policies and procedures or their training will be futile. The type of hardware and software used in a specific health IT framework determines the frequency with which sentinel events occur. To this effect, hardware and software must be relevant, usable, and adaptable (The Joint Commission, 2015). External factors, including vendor and other issues occurring in the external environment can also cause a health sentinel IT event. In some cases, legal and social challenges (e.g., culture) can increase the number of health sentinel IT situations (Balgrosky, 2014). Research shows that regular system appraisal and monitoring significantly reduces the probability of critical situations

Business Policy and Strategy essay question Assignment

Business Policy and Strategy essay question - Assignment Example Answer: Byte executives should tell all future stakeholders that the plant would run for a three years period only. The purpose behind such a straight and truthful approach is to create a feeling of loyalty among the community members that the company has a clean slate and is not trying to hide truth. It should be left on the prospective employees to adjust their job routine for the next three years only in Plainville. If not all, many would appreciate the company’s truthfulness and transparency in revealing its intentions. This may also offer enough time to the prospective employees to plan their career accordingly and use their work experience in Plainville plant of Byte for their future growth, making them available for job offers by competitive companies thereafter. Answer: Although Plainville is a small town but it is an industrial town as well where jobs should be in plenty. Prospective candidates for taking jobs at Byte would be only those who value working in the leading company, producing electronic parts, used in personal computers. After spending three years at Byte Products, Inc. Future job opportunities would be relatively lucrative. As there is no legal hurdle in starting a temporary plant at Plainville, corporate responsibility can be fulfilled by offering bonuses to all the employees or giving them some percentage of the profits earned for the market risks covered from competitors, not succeeding in taking away orders of Byte. Future is always full of opportunities and possibilities. An industrial town like Plainville would take care of the supply side of the employment possibilities. When nothing is kept hidden, scope of anguish remains low. After all, it is private sector and the market is becoming increasingly competitive. Answer. In my opinion, the present impasse is based on the future negative outcomes. Assumptions of Williams that for staff strength of 1,200, at least 4,000 people will need to shift after

Concrete Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Concrete Lab Report Essay Engineering B45 Concrete Lab Report Introduction: Concrete is a mixture of sand and rock or similar inert material (aggregates) held together by a cementing material. Usually the cementing material is Portland cement, but sometimes binders such as asphalt or gypsum are used, in which case the concrete may be called asphaltic concrete or gypsum concrete. Properties of concrete are governed not only by the properties of its ingredients (cement, water, sand, and coarse aggregate) but also, to a great extent, by the relative proportions of these ingredients. The proportions must be so selected as to produce a concrete mixture of desired workability, strength, durability, and economy. The most common aggregates are gravel and crushed stone, although cinders, blast-furnace slag, burned shale, crushed brick, or other materials may be used because of availability, or to alter such characteristics of the concrete such as workability, density, appearance, or conductivity of heat or sound. Usually aggregate which passes a sieve with 0. 187-inch openings (No. 4 sieve) is called fine aggregate, but that retained by a No. sieve is coarse aggregate, although the division is purely arbitrary. If all the particles of aggregate are of the same size, or if too many fine particles are present, an excessive amount of cement paste will be required to produce a workable mixture; a range of sizes aids in the production of an economical mixture. The best concrete for a given use is usually the one which will provide the necessary strength and the desired wor kability at the lowest cost. Unless otherwise indicated, strength, as applied to concrete, refers to the ultimate compressive strength of the moist-cured concrete at the age of 28 days. Most concretes are batched to provide an ultimate compressive strength of 2500 to 4000 psi after 28 days. The figure below shows a typical strength curve of concrete with the passage of time. The modulus of elasticity of concrete is about 1000 times the ultimate compressive strength. The strength of concrete depends chiefly on the water-cement ratio, with a low ratio producing a strong concrete. While only a small amount of water is required to complete the chemical reactions of setting concrete, more than this is used to make the concrete more workable. The workability of concrete is usually measured by its slump. The standard method of measuring slump consists of placing the freshly-mixed concrete in a mold in the form of a truncated cone, 12 inches high, 8 inches in diameter at the bottom, and 4 inches in diameter at the top. The concrete is placed in the slump cone in three layers, each layer rodded thoroughly to compact it. When filled, the mold is immediately withdrawn by lifting it gently, and the slump of the concrete is measured at the vertical distance from the top of the mass to its original 12 inch height. An increase in the amount of mixing water will increase the slump, but it will also decrease the strength and increase the tendency of the ingredients of the concrete to segregate unless more cement is added. Increasing the amount of cement paste increases the cost, so all three factors- strength, workability, and cost-are interrelated in a complex way. Procedure: 1. Concrete mixtures are commonly given as volume ratios as cement: sand: gravel. You will make two concrete mixtures at ratios given to you by the instructor.

The Positivism And Interpretivism Philosophy Essay

The Positivism And Interpretivism Philosophy Essay The book of Business Research Methods gives me guidance for how to do business studies and how to carry out research project. In the first part of the book tells me the relationship between theory and research, in the detail its a explain of how to combine the theory and research during the business studies process. (Page: 4) 1a. What is meant by epistemological considerations? Epistemological concerns the study of knowledge and what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study? Epistemology is a kind of using the same principles, procedures, and ethos as the natural sciences study to explore the nature of human knowledge, structure, the relationship of recognizing the objective reality, the premise and basis of knowledge. The position that affirms the importance of imitating the natural sciences is invariably associated with an epistemological position known as positivism. (Page: 15) 1b. Explain in concrete terms the differences between the so-called positivism and interpretivism? Positivism: (Page: 15-1.7) Positivism is a kind way of epistemological position that claims to use the natural sciences methods to study and beyond of reality society. In the book, there are some principles of using positivism. Positivisms principles: 1. Only phenomena and hence knowledge confirmed by the senses can genuinely be warranted as knowledge (the principle of phenomenalism). 2. The purpose of theory is to generate hypotheses that can be tested and that will thereby allow explanations of laws to be assessed (the principle of phenomenalism). 3. Knowledge is arrived at through the gathering of facts that provide the basis for laws (the principle of phenomenalism). 4. Science must (and presumably can) be conducted in a way that is value free (that is, objective). 5. There is a clear distinction between scientific statements and normative statements and belief that the former are the true domain of scientist. This last principle is implied by the first because the truth or otherwise of normative statements cannot confirmed by the senses. Interpretivism: (Page: 16) Interpretivism is a term given to a contrasting epistemology to positivism. It is necessary for the research to understand differences between humans in our role as social actors. There are differences between conducting research among people rather than physical objects. To enter the social world of our research subjects, understand their world from their point of view. (Page: 16) Interpretivism arose as scientists felt that human beings were not puppets to react to stimuli in a prescribed manner. They were active and purposeful and can respond to stimuli in different ways depending upon their interpretation. Interpretivists describe human beings as having intent and the power to interpret;they say that human beings have the capability to construct their surroundings rather than being a mere spectators to what is happening around them. These scientists stressed the thinking, intentions and behaviors of human beings more than positivists thereby drawing conclusions that were more realistic and perhaps more valid also. Interpretivists talk about shared consciousness as the brain behind many of the concepts in a society. 2a. What is meant by ontological considerations? Ontological considerations: (Page: 20) Questions of social ontology are concerns with the view on nature of reality, the study of nature of existence. The core question of this part is whether the social entity can and should be considered objective entities which have the truth external to social actors, or whether they can and should be considered social constructions built up from the perceptions and actions of social actors. (Bryman 2004: 16) These positions are frequently referred to respectively as objectivism and constructionism. 2b. Explain in concrete terms the differences between objectivism and constructionism? Objectivism: (Page: 21 1.13) Objectivism is an ontological position that asserts that social phenomena and their meanings have an existence that is independent of social actors. It implies that social phenomena and the categories that we use in everyday discourse have an existence that is independent or separate from actors. Constructionism: (Page: 22 1.14) Constructionism is an ontological position (often also referred to as constructivism) which asserts that social phenomena and their meanings are continually being accomplished by social actors. It implies that social phenomena and categories are not only produced through social interaction but that they are in a constant state of revision. Objectivism and constructivism is diametrically opposite assumptions about reality, mind, thought, meaning and symbolism. The objective belief is that the world is real. The reality is the external awareness. Since it is sees the world as real it assumes that learners have the same understanding of this reality. The reality can be structured model to guide a learner. Constructivist perspective requires learners to create their own reality based on his experiences and views. The constructivist point that not a reality. Because the reality is a product of personal views and experiences are unique individuals many reality can exist. The objectivism think the role of the mind as a processor of abstract symbols thought of as symbols of the builders of the Constructivist perspectives. Objectivism sees the role of the mind as a processor of abstract symbols while constructivism views the mind as a builder of symbols. Relationship of epistemology and ontology to business research (Page: 23) Every science has its own ontology, epistemology and consequently its own methodologies. So when the business research Ontology defines the fundamental categories of reality. Domain ontology as distinct from formal ontology is related to focus of study. Each research field has its own ontology. Epistemology defines how we can know and reason that reality. The methodologies of each of these two scientists have followed as different systems of investigative techniques within their focus of study. They use different scientific methods studying different domains with different epistemology and ontology.

Character of Walter Mitty in The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty :: The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty

The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty - Character Study of Walter Mitty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the short story, "The secret life of Walter Mitty," a man by the name of Walter Mitty goes into town with his wife to get some things done. Throughout this story Walter Mitty shows that he is very forgetful and a really stubborn man with a vivid imagination.   He is constantly being distracted, and starts to day dream often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are a few hints in this story that show Walter Mitty is very forgetful.   Most of this is probably caused by his constant day dreaming throughout this trip into town and not concentrating too hard on what he's doing.   Once Walter Mitty had dropped off his wife for her hair appointment, he began to do his shopping.   Walter picks up his overshoes and then "Walter Mitty began to wonder what the other thing was his wife had told him to get. She had told him, twice before they left."(90)   Also, a little later on, Walter Mitty "was always getting something wrong"(90) This last quote shows that Walter Mitty must forget things quite often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story also shows that Walter Mitty is a really stubborn person. When he was dropping off Mrs. Mitty, Mrs. Mitty told Walter Mitty not to forget the overshoes he was sopposed to buy while in he was town. Walter Mitty's reaction was "I don't need overshoes,"(88) but he did give in to his wife in the end, and bought the overshoes.   Another incident that shows Walter Mitty is stubborn occurs when his wife told him to put his gloves on, then Walter Mitty puts them on, but when his wife is out of site he took them off immediately.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most obvious trait of Walter Mitty is his constant day dreaming. Throughout the whole story, Walter Mitty is being distracted easily by everyday events.   His dreams turn these simple events into wild fantasies such as being a surgeon, bomber pilot and a captain of a sea vessel.   An example of how he changes something from everyday life into a dream occurs when Walter Mitty is trying to remember what it was his wife had told him Character of Walter Mitty in The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty :: The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty - Character Study of Walter Mitty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the short story, "The secret life of Walter Mitty," a man by the name of Walter Mitty goes into town with his wife to get some things done. Throughout this story Walter Mitty shows that he is very forgetful and a really stubborn man with a vivid imagination.   He is constantly being distracted, and starts to day dream often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are a few hints in this story that show Walter Mitty is very forgetful.   Most of this is probably caused by his constant day dreaming throughout this trip into town and not concentrating too hard on what he's doing.   Once Walter Mitty had dropped off his wife for her hair appointment, he began to do his shopping.   Walter picks up his overshoes and then "Walter Mitty began to wonder what the other thing was his wife had told him to get. She had told him, twice before they left."(90)   Also, a little later on, Walter Mitty "was always getting something wrong"(90) This last quote shows that Walter Mitty must forget things quite often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story also shows that Walter Mitty is a really stubborn person. When he was dropping off Mrs. Mitty, Mrs. Mitty told Walter Mitty not to forget the overshoes he was sopposed to buy while in he was town. Walter Mitty's reaction was "I don't need overshoes,"(88) but he did give in to his wife in the end, and bought the overshoes.   Another incident that shows Walter Mitty is stubborn occurs when his wife told him to put his gloves on, then Walter Mitty puts them on, but when his wife is out of site he took them off immediately.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most obvious trait of Walter Mitty is his constant day dreaming. Throughout the whole story, Walter Mitty is being distracted easily by everyday events.   His dreams turn these simple events into wild fantasies such as being a surgeon, bomber pilot and a captain of a sea vessel.   An example of how he changes something from everyday life into a dream occurs when Walter Mitty is trying to remember what it was his wife had told him

Modern Sculpture Americanoom Essay -- Modern Art Artwork

The Artistic High: Selfish Salvation Escape. It’s worth any given amount of time, money, and sacrifice. A haven; a distraction from the ordinary; an oasis of idylls. But from what exactly? A high instructs for a quick perceptual blur; an interrelated pleasure of detachment, obeyed by a climatic crash, which adds further weight to a reality somehow less livable. The trip is understood; it creates room for addiction; an insatiable thirst for an ironically cleansed state, reminiscent of an oblivious feeling associated with childhood innocence. Yet no matter the depth of any high, what one seeks to escape most is --â€Å"illogically†-- eerily present in the vicinity. Along with this acknowledgment comes the climatic crash; the end of leisure; the closing act in a play, character role left in the costume room; the fading of a blasting song. Our sought escape is logically –and even illogically (imagination does not detach from this reality)—impossible. This is because what every person seeks to esc ape is an unbearable environment; an unbearable self. Throughout history, generations have introduced various forms of escapism: drugs, yoga, exercise, meditation, induced sleep, even tea. But an escape whose consistent efficiency prevails throughout time resorts back to an almost instinctive skill, requiring the minimum provisions: pencil and paper. Through this blissful childhood skill, the body is engulfed in a soothing lake of endorphins, which neither ignores nor fully acknowledges pain, but molds it into a malleable attitude reflected in the beauty of art. Throughout what may perhaps have been the most historically-active decade, the 1960s stirred significant social transformation in the United States and abroad. Among infinite socia... ...th artists were able to pass their troubles and experiences onto a work, which would be shared with the world and hence numb their personal worries, knowing their message would reach millions, therefore exploring a new definition of selfish escapism through selfish salvation. Works Cited â€Å"Argentina.† Microsoft Encarta Reference Library. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 2005. â€Å"Chryssa.† Microsoft Encarta Reference Library. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 2005. Florou, Katerina. â€Å"Chryssa.† Astir Magazine. 26 Sept. 2006. Gladwell, Malcolm. Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2005. â€Å"Greece.† Microsoft Encarta Reference Library. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 2005. â€Å"Kennedy.† Microsoft Encarta Reference Library. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 2005.

Kurt Donald Cobain :: Biography

Kurt Donald Cobain was born on February 20, 1976 in Hoquaim, a small town south-west of Seattle. When he was about six months old he moved to Arberdeen and spent most of his childhood there. His parents divorced when he was seven years old. Cobain did not handle the divorce well. Cobain said that he never felt loved or secure again (Ronson, 1996). He became anti-social and withdrawn after the divorce. Cobain was passed around to several relatives and even lived under a bridge at one point. After Cobain’s parent’s divorced, he lived with his mom in a trailer park for a year. Cobain then lived with his father in Montesano. His father made him participate in sports. Cobain would intentionally not perform well while playing sports to get back at his dad. Cobain decided to learn how to play guitar instead of playing sports. He enjoyed reading and doing other artistic activities. Cobain’s interests made him a target for bullies. (Wilson, 1996) Cobain was a sickly child. â€Å"As an infant, he suffered from chronic bronchitis and scoliosis, and, by the age of seven, he was being prescribed both Ritalin and sedatives to allow him to sleep† (Headlam, 1996). Cobain complained of burning stomach pain that kept him from participating in gym class. In 1985 Cobain started the band Nirvana. The band went through several changes before finally becoming Nirvana. In 1987 the band was playing in several locations. In 1988 the band landed their first record deal. Cobain’s music mainstreamed the grunge sound. Nirvana rose very quickly to become stars. â€Å"Nirvana was, briefly, the most popular band in the world largely because of the cult of personality that grew around Cobain† (Headlam, 1996). After Nirvana released the album Nevermind, Cobain married Courtney Love. â€Å"Love shared Cobain’s penchant for self-destruction, but none of his ambivalence about fame. Together they went on a drug taking spree that resulted a few times in Cobain nearly dying and Love taking heroin during her pregnancy† (Headlam, 1996). Cobain claimed that the birth of his daughter, Frances Bean Cobain, made him a different man. He claimed that he was a doting father and husband. It is believed that the drug use continued though. â€Å"On March 5th , 1994 Cobain was rushed to the hospital in a coma after an unsuccessful suicide bid in which he washed down about fifty prescription painkillers with champagne† (Ronson, 1996). The attempt was not made known to many people.

Banking and Finance Essay

Introduction The automated teller machine (ATM) is a machine that acts as a teller in an institution by receiving and issuing money to and from the ATM account holder or user. The growth and evolution of at ATMs was not only due to, but rather as a result of general global concentration in the technological revolution. This came due to challenges of multiple bulk of daily complex information that arise from existing difficulties like; increase in competition, increase in customer’s demand for both services provision as well as efficiency , expansion due to increase in demand and all the likes just to name a few. The ATM system used by micro financial institutions today is an inherited system from banking system therefore brought in efficiency in different micro financial institutions in terms of speed, data processing and storage. Thus, it brought in enormous improvement in queuing in institutions in use of the ATMs. Despite all the merits of ATMs, customers still bring up complains on the demerits of the system such as; breakdown of ATMs, long queues at the ATM service point, retention of customers cards. In this light, this research entails to find out why all these cries after all the goods incurred in the system. 1.1 Background of the study. 1.1.1 Historical background. The history of micro financial institutions can be trace as far back as the 1880s when the theorist Lysander Spooner was writing over the benefits of from small credits to entrepreneurs and farmers as a way of getting people out of poverty. Today, the use of the expression ‘’micro financing’’ has its root in the 1970s when organisatons were sarting and shaping the modern industry.At that time,many microfinance ini tiatives introduced many new innovations into the sector.Many entreprises began experimenting with loaning to the under served people. The main reason why micro financing is been traced back to the 1970s is that, the programme could show that people can be relied on to pay their loans and that it’s possible to provide financing services to poor people through market based enterprises without subsidies.

Respond to a Letter of Complaint

To: [email  protected] co. uk From: [email  protected] dk Subject: I feel sorry to hear that your family trip to Tivoli turned out to be a disappointing one. It is true that only 11 of the 24 various entertainment rides were running on that day unfortunately due to the technical failures of the machines. By further checking the entertainment rides we found that we could not risk using the machine that day and had to change some parts for the machine to run again.We couldnot inform at the entrance as the technicians were still working on the machines(you may probably have noticed people working to fix the machines) and there was a hope that we could run the machine that day. But on late afternoon, we found out that the machine could not be repaired that day so we informed at the gate. we are hearing a little bit of problems at some of the food outlets. And we came to know about your story from one of the co-worker of that outlet. I again apologise for the inconvenience that you ha d to suffer due to some technical problems and the bad customer service.After reading through your letter and knowing the circumstances I had conversation with managers of Tivoli and we decided to give your family free tickets to enter and play all the entertainment games with a free dinner in any of the restaurants for your family when Tivoli opens again next summer. I have enclosed the free passes to enter and play the entertainment ride along with the FREE DINNER FOR YOUR FAMILY IN ANY OF THE OUTLETS. We aim to satisfy our customers with quality in entertainment, food and service. I am looking forward seeing you again next summer in Tivoli and enjoying with your family.

Organizational Theory

There have been numerous studies regarding how the influence of technology has brought about change to the structure of an organization as well as its processes. Many of the studies have concluded that the organizational structure is strongly affected by the principal technology which the organization uses. (Volt, 2005) Technology, In simple terms, Is seen as the conversion of Inputs Into outputs using machines, equipments and processes. It Is a system based on the use of knowledge and organization, evident in physical objects for the attainment of precise goals.However, with the coming along of new technologies, as well as postmodernist and symbolic-interpretative, it has further expanded on how we think of technology to include it into the arts and social practice. This essay will look in the modernist and postmodernist perspective which will provide the different views as to how technology, organizations, management and employees are related. The modernist perspective sees ontolog y as objectivism. What this means Is that they believe In the reality which exists externally outside the Influence of humans.They see the world as something which Is not subjected to others authority, walling to be covered. They believe that technology brings about value for the organization and that technology will decide the structure of an organization. Epistemology wise, modernist see it as positivism. They have a preference towards ‘hard' data such as numbers. An assumption made would be that with the application of scientific method, it is possible to find the truth about certain events.This would then allow knowledge to best tested against the objective world. With the accumulation of knowledge, humans are than able to progress further and eventually evolve. Modernists adopt the General Systems Theory which is influenced by Mile Deuterium's structural functionalism. They are concerned with what are the factors that bring Individuals and groups together. The concept of division of labor, central to concept of social structure Is the core concept for the modernist. They believe In the quantitative methods of research.When studying organization as a whole, It must be noted that the level of analysis would be the organization and the subsystems and super system are the departments and environment respectively. The goal is to ultimately help reproduce the larger system by understanding the ‘laws' which over these systems and how an activity is being performed by the various subsystems. Modernists believe that the fulfillment of a purpose by an organization is closely related with technology to the environment. The increased improvements that technology constantly brings make it a special human venture.The example of us humans wanting to own the latest possible gadgets can be used for this instance. This brings about the creation of a market Indirectly. The advances in technology are believed to bring about advances to an organization, positively and their level of steady Improvement can be measured by Its technological advancement. Definitions of technology can be broken down Into core, high and service. Core technology simply refers to constant flow of resources that are dealt directly with the production of the intangible services which are consumed as products.Moving on, the modernist perspectives look into 3 most dominant typologies that emphasizes on how the dimensions of an organizational design is being influenced by technology. The first typology would be Joan Woodward's Industrial Organization (1965). She basically conducted tests to see if organizational principles were actually put into use. It was also shown that compatibility of companies organizing themselves with technology was commercially successful. She found out that performance were of the highest levels when technologies of mass production were put together with mechanistic forms of organization.Also, the highest level of performance was achieved when technologies dealing with small batch or continuous processing were combined with organic firms. However, one limitation of her typology was that the technologies involved in the sector of service were ignored. The second typology was James Thompson Organizations in Action (1967). Basically e suggested that the type of technology, which was different depending on the ‘degree of interdependence in the transformation process', affects the structure of an organization.He distinguished between long linked, mediating and intensive. Long linked is technologies deal with mass production and continuous processing. It is when an input is being put on one end of a long series of steps which happens in sequence which will end with the output. Mediating is technologies involved in bringing people together for exchange. Examples include those working in banks or insurance companies whose purpose of to bring customers together for exchange.Intensive technologies involve more than 1 speciali zed skill, for example, hospital emergency rooms or research labs. To put in simply, it is when there is a unique input and the end result will be a customized output. The third typology is the Charles Proper Organizational Analysis (1970). He studied the reasons why the complexities of technologies are higher than others and how it can lead to uncertainty. These uncertainties are in terms of the quality of inputs and whether they are available, and also variability involved in the transformation process.A technology with a higher level of complexity will lead to a higher amount f uncertainty. This will also lead to decisions which are less programmed and the use of discretion will be higher. There are 2 factors which will influence the complexity of technology. They are task variability and task inalienability. Task variability is the number of exceptions to standard procedures encountered in the application of given theory and task inalienability is the extent which, an exception is encountered, there are known methods to deal with it'. Hatch and Councils, 2013) These 3 typologies that have been used demonstrated how an organizational structure is affected by the different technologies. The production technologies chosen must be matched with organizational forms and also the success of an organization would be obtained if the structures and procedures are suitable to the productive technology which has been employed. The structure of an organization technology that are used for their transformation. I shall now move on to the postmodernist perspective.Ontologically, they believe that reality is merely Just an ‘illusion' which, through language and discourse, is created. ‘The world is said to be made to appear in language, discourse and artwork with no referents because there is nothing to which to refer'. Hatch and Councils, 2013) This is clearly against what the modernist perspective said. Epistemologically, post modernist believes that there ca n be no truth about reality, since there is no independence to it. The use of language is used to enforce power and social arrangements whilst organizations are merely, ‘imagined' entities.Postmodernists believe that technology can be a destructive process which can cause a change or the downfall of established organizational roles and values. They believe that technology is a form of control. An example that can be used for this statement s the British manufacturers working in the textile industry who wanted to introduce more machines but this move was greatly objected by the workers as they are afraid of the impact on their Jobs and skills if it happened. There are 3 aspects with regards to conceptions of technology by the postmodernist.Firstly would be the technologies of representation. This is basically Just the technologies involved to represent individuals and work processes. Examples would include electronic data and photographs which can all be used to control employe es. This brings about fear which the future might bring. This fear is brought about by he expected growth of ‘equivalence' which can track almost everything, from the keystroke made to the websites accessed. All this will lead to the higher possibility of online accounts being hacked into which will ultimately lead to the capturing of one's identity and codes.The second aspect is the technologies of control. This is when the value for highest level of performance achieved by the reduction of energy being expended while increasing output to its maximum capacity and is often brought about by decisions of values linked to a person or institution which are based on their contribution to efficiency. However, a disadvantage is that since integrity and fairness are not clearly in relations to efficiency, it brings about the neglecting of truth and Justice.Adding on, knowledge will be changed into a commodity by technology as the acceptable knowledge can be spread by the computer. The last aspect would be civilization. This is a hybridism kind of organization which is known to be of a techno-human' construct. This occurs when an organization is being taken over by computers or electromechanical instruments, be it in whole or Just by part. The organization is being determined not only by canines, but also by the human intervention. There are dangers involved in civilization. One of which would be technology being abused and misused.Instead of technology serving the organization which is the main point of it, organizational technology, individuals from an organization would tend to expect more from it despite the limitations of how much it can actually deliver. The social and human factors also will be inferior to the capacities technologically. Additionally, according to a French philosopher that influences post-modernism is Michel Faculty, it is power related with regards to all social, political and organization relations. The relations of power do not act acco rding to any reasonable logic or contested system.There is bound to be resistance whenever there is power involved. Employees will find way to go around the loopholes that are present in the organization. However, resistance can never lead to freedom from restraint since all social relations are in relations to power. There is no way to resist domination. Postmodernist organizations make use of surveillance mechanisms which is to control the members within the organization. This includes closed-circuit television, monitoring of computer usage and mandatory diaries.These will lead to self- surveillance since members will know that they are being monitored which will lead to dehumidifying conditions. All the points in postmodernist perspective that have been talked about draws attention to not only social, but also the historical and political creation of knowledge, humans and relations socially. This would include how every one of these will appear in the present-day organizations. W hen domination is supported, humans and organizations will be at the losing end if they overlook the construction activities by regarding the existing world as rational and neutral.Technology might be selected since it meets the necessary needs of power holders within the organization and not because of its natural superiority. The postmodernist are not all against the technology computer brings. They believe it encourages democracy and also believe it is an essential tool with regards to the economy, environment and political resistance. In conclusion, it can be seen that the modernist insights with regards to the relations between technology, organizations, management and employees are different from what the postmodernist perspective has to offer.Modernists believe that technology rings about different effects to the structure of an organization and the correct kind of productive technology employed will bring about the highest levels of performance. The post modernist on the oth er hand, sees technology as a form of power. They believe that the usage of surveillance as a form of control over its members will lead to self-surveillance. This is true to a certain extent but it also leads to a kind of dehumidifying condition since employees are then expected to take extra precaution when doing something in the workplace since their every move is being monitored.

Different sides of Clive Linley

Which in this case makes him cold hearted and selfish human being who clearly does not have his priorities straight. This came as a big surprise to me after I had read how good of a friend he was. The book is mostly about two men who have been brought together again after their close friend dies.The way how Clive treats his friend differences a lot from how he reacted in the situation mentioned before. In fact he is there for his friend in every situation no matter how difficult it might be. â€Å"When Vernon was laid up with a rare viral infection of the spine, Clive visited almost every day, bringing books, music, videos and champagne†(Mclean 1998:43). This is one of many examples what Clive had done for his friend, without asking anything in return. It shows that he still cares and knows how to treat people but maybe Just close ones. On the other hand, he was still palpable of arranging his best friend's death and the other way around.The thing is, this part of the book cam e as a shock. He arranged the death of his best friend. That alone says something about him. He could be a self-centered and egotistic man. After having disagreed on a subject with Vernon and Vernon not taking his advice maybe he Just could not have let it go. Or he thought he was being a good friend and ending one's life because that was what he thought the one had wanted. In that case it would make him in some eyes loyal and committed. Clive had asked his friend to end his life if he would start to lose It.Yes, on one condition only: that you'd do the same for me. V. â€Å"(Mclean 1998:57) Maybe In Clime's eyes he was already losing It and he did what had to be done. In the end I think the book Is purposely ended with a mystery. It leaves a lot of questions about the characters as well. As to Clive Lintel- he Is a genius who does not let anything get In the way of his Inspirations, a person who knows how to treat his loved ones and a man who Is capable of doing terrible things ei ther out of fury or to keep his word. Mclean, Ian. (1998). Amsterdam. Great Britain. Jonathan Cape

On Orientalism by Edward Said Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Orientalism by Edward Said - Movie Review Example lution Western writings from the mid-20th century closely mirror those of the 19th and 18th centuries, demonstrating a lack of change in the stereotypes about the region. In addition, Orientalism promotes the idea of an â€Å"ideal other,† a reverent and exotic ethno-religious group that embodies traits deemed â€Å"noble† or â€Å"good.† Said’s analysis looks not only at the images that characterize Orientalism, but also why it looks the way it does. He points to Imperialism as the foundation of Orientalism — many of the early generalizations about Arabs came from the Imperialist impulse to control a nation through its people. By making broad assumptions about a certain group of people, colonialists found it easier to control the expansive empire they found in the east. Following the years after Napoleon’s 1798 conquest of Egypt, the French surveys of the country provided Europeans a window into the mysterious middle east. The volumes compiled demonstrated French military power, but also introduced the first images of the region into the collective consciousness. These stereotypes would define the cultural perspective on the middle east for the next three centuries. In this section, Said talks about the differences between British and French Orientalism as opposed to American Orientalism. The key differences spring from two facts: firstly, America has never had a colony in the near east, and as such their perceptions are far more indirect and abstract; secondly, America has a long-standing tradition of support for the nation of Israel, which leads to a strong polarization between the â€Å"west† and the â€Å"east.† American media offers fresh anti-Arab sentiments on a regular basis, primarily due to the pro-Israel attitudes of the federal government. This bias, in turn, colors American perception of Israel. This section serves as a continuing examination of the perception of Arabs in the media. Although Said acknowledges the persistence of what might

Selecting and Implementing Strategies of Instruction Essay

Selecting and Implementing Strategies of Instruction - Essay Example When it comes to the national level the government should ensure that all the teachers rendering their services should have achieved and qualified with the right specifications as teachers and that they meet all the conditions expected by the system. This should be verified by the teachers providing legal documents to prove they have met the conditions of the job. There should be a body dealing with all this and it should be a process. The teacher should be assessed by a qualified staff before been given the job in order to confirm practically that they deserve or do not deserve the job. There should be some rules that govern the teachers that before they teach a certain level they should have acquired some specifications or maybe have some experience. This process should be a requirement before securing the job as a teacher and the reason unto why caution is needed in this area is because of the sensitivity of education. This is an area that touches on almost all the aspects of life for example health and agriculture and these areas need proper care when handling them. Basically we can say education is a fundamental thing in a society so it should be taken seriously. The certification of teachers will make sure that the country produces qualified people in the society with good values and will eliminate unqualified personnel from misleading the students.Teaching is not a random job (Peter,