WK VIII Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

WK VIII - Research Paper Example In this paper multi-dimensional perspectives will be analyzed after studying typologies from various empirical studies. Thus, the typologies explicated by R Harrison and C Handy (1998) will be studies, also those of T J Peters, Deal and Kennedy, Chatman and Caldwell and also those of O Reilly would be incorporated in an effort to classify organizational cultures. Furthermore, the paper will try to determine a paradigm so that behavior of those participating in these given cultures can be predicted to address organizational issues. Also, most of the models being addressed in the paper take functionalist paradigm approach to explain their typologies, thus they focus primarily on interrelationship between the internal dynamics of the organization and effectiveness. Thus, comparative research will aim at determining models of cultural classification, further aiming at predicting future behavior of those participating in the culture of the organization (Harrison & Handy 1998). Analyzing the model proposed by Harrison and Handy is one of the most credible, the oldest and the most cited one amongst all. Though the typologies proposed by both these researchers are distinct, there are many similarities in their models. Harrison identified four distinct kinds of organizations; based on the power, tasks, roles and people of the organization. Since an organization contains employees who share a sense of values, thus the system or culture of the organization is shaped by the values identified by Harrison (Hofstede 2002). The culture of power can be identified in an organization where there is immense rivalry amongst people, centralization of power exists with an intensified presence of rivalries alongside intense competition amongst various actors in the organization. Similarly, Culture of roles is found in an organization where there is stability and order, proper hierarchy, and a sense of security with apparent competition. Also, the culture of tasks is the one where

Cas22 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cas22 - Case Study Example Subsequently, she files a suit against the company for deception. The following part of this paper will critically analyze Johansen’s scope of proceeding with the claim either at arbitration or at Federal court. It is stated that the contract contains an arbitration mediations clause which demands Johansen ‘to complete the process if there is a contract dispute and the results will be caused to waive her future rights in federal and state court to contest any employment violations’. Although the company can justify its employment termination on the strength of this clause, obviously the firm has violated the legal norms of the employment regulations. The case clearly indicates that the employer has breached the terms of the contract as well. She can argue that employer’s demand of being the key member of a client escort service was out of the terms of the written contract. The contractual laws clearly tell that a contract can be legally broken if any one of the parties has committed a breach of contract. In such situation, the contract loses its legal validity. Although Johansen has signed the contract containing the dispute provisions, her basic interests as a citizen has to be preserved first. She can claim compensation for her termination from the job.

Oceans Act of 2000 Essay Example for Free

Oceans Act of 2000 Essay From sea to shining sea, America has always been a country dependant on its coastal waters. We use the oceans and the abundant resources found in them for everything from physical exercise, food, and medicines, to a place to dump our garbage, dispose of toxic chemicals, and to travel to far off destinations. The oceans provide much for us, and without them, life on Earth would not be sustainable. The oceans are a vital resource for humankind, and sadly, we have put them in immediate danger. The majority of the population of the United States lives in coastal regions. Due to this, marine-related industries, such as fishing and shipping, play a significant role in our nation’s economy. Unfortunately, the fishing business in the United States has dwindled. Overfishing has caused the collapse of New England’s cod, flounder, and haddock fisheries. The Gulf of Mexico has what is known as a â€Å"dead zone†, (Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation S. 2327) which was likely caused by pollution from the Mississippi River. Pollution is another issue altogether†¦ Runoff from our farmlands and cities flows down our rivers into the Gulf of Mexico and contaminates the coastal areas of our southern states. Oil spills threaten our marine wildlife. Harmful algal blooms have taken over many underwater habitats. Overabundances of sediment and nitrogen from farms and factories upstream suffocate the water ecosystems of our lands. Without strict guidelines and stream-lined regulations set up to properly control our pollution problem, humans will, ultimately, destroy the oceans. The need for urgent action to protect our oceans and waterways has never been greater. Although people have attempted to investigate and lay down the groundwork for improving the condition of our oceans in the past, their attempts have not been enough. In 1966, Congress passed the Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act (Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation S. 2327), which was designed to lay out national objectives and programs regarding the oceans. Leading the commission was Dr. Julius A. Stratton, former president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. With Dr.  Stratton leading the way, along with advisors from congress including Senator Norris Cotton and Senator Warren Magnuson, the 1966 Act was a huge step forward for the country’s oceanic preservation efforts, yet for the next thirty years, it would be one of the only steps forward. The United States urgently needed to increase public awareness of the importance of the oceans to our nation. With that in mind, 1998 was declared the â€Å"International Year of the Ocean†. Spreading knowledge of the threats our oceans faced made it clear to Congress that we needed to take a second look at our ocean policies. On August 7, 2000, President Bill Clinton released a statement upon signing the Oceans Act of 2000. In it, he stated that â€Å"the legislation would establish a Commission on Ocean Policy, to make recommendations to the President and to Congress for a coordinated and comprehensive national ocean policy. † (Statement on Signing the Oceans Act of 2000) The Oceans Act itself was the law requiring the formation of a sixteen member commission, whose job was to research the issues regarding our coasts and waters and to present a detailed report on their findings, and any recommendations to solve the issues, to the President. In September 2004, the Commission introduced their final report, â€Å"An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century†, and invited public comment on their findings. The report consisted of 212 recommendations for ocean policy. Members of the Alaska Oceans Program, American Littoral Society, Gulf Restoration Network, Natural Resources Defense Council, North Carolina Coastal Federation, People for Puget Sound, Sierra Club, and The Ocean Conservancy submitted their comments on the report. Public Comment on Final Report: An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century: Pre-Publication Copy) Although there were a few changes that these groups did not agree with, the majority of the information provided in the report was met with vast approval, especially the call for the implementation of a National Ocean Council, to consolidate the numerous agencies involved in the welfare of our waterways. Since the publishing of â€Å"An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century†, President Bush called for a 13. percent increase in National Science Foundation funding for ocean sciences. (A Sea Change in National Ocean Policy? by Matt Villano) However, much of the funding promised to support the National Ocean Council has been delayed and pushed back, making it very difficult to move forward with the recommendations of the Ocean Commission. In February 2008, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative, comprised of former members from the Pew Oceans Commission and the National Ocean Commission, a ssessed the nation’s progress in ocean policy throughout 2007. The grade they presented was a â€Å"C†. Funding seems to be the largest issue our nation is facing in terms of moving forward more quickly with the recommendations from the Commission, yet, as Andy Solow, director of the WHOI Marine Policy Center says, â€Å"If enough people get involved politically and on a grass-roots level, we can make significant progress in some of these areas without it. (A Sea Change in National Ocean Policy? by Matt Villano) The future of our oceans, as well as our planet, is still up in the air. Unless our priorities change, and funding is found to implement the changes needed to improve the status of our oceans, we may find ourselves on the verge of extinction.

Building A Campfire :: essays research papers

There are many different campfire structures that can be built to start a fire while camping. The most common are the teepee, log cabin, dugout, and tunnel structures. Almost anyone can build these fires if he or she follows some key points. A fire needs three elements: air, fuel, and an ignition of some kind. For a campfire the air element is easily accessible; it's the air a person breaths or oxygen. Fuel is equivalent to wood. Sometimes lighter fluid is used to start big fires immediately, but usually when dealing with a campfire the fuel is wood. Ignition can come from a spark, match, or lighter. It is anything that initially starts the fire. Going deeper into wood, there are three categories to classify it under. Kindling is the stuff that is easiest to burn. It could be leaves, dryer lint, or very small twigs. The next size of wood is sticks and small logs. These will range in size from one half inch to two inches in diameter. Anything larger than this is classified as the fuel. The fuel is the big logs that will burn for hours. When a fire is started it needs to be built like this: kindling first, then sticks and small logs, and then the fuel, once the fire is going good. Using this technique with the following fire structures will ensure hot easy fires. The teepee style structure is probably the most used and easiest to build, but doesn't necessarily result in the hottest or longest burning campfire. To build this fire think about the name "teepee." The end result before burning this structure looks like an Indian's teepee (If the teepee shape is not familiar, then envision a conic shape). Start by placing the intermediate size wood or sticks in the ground in a circular shape about eight to twelve inches in diameter, leaning the tips of the sticks together in the center. The sticks should already start to resemble a teepee shape. Continue layering the walls of the teepee with more sticks, but not too thick, because air needs to be able to pass through the walls easily. Leave a hole on one side large enough to place kindling inside the stick walls. This hole is also left to light the kindling from the inside and may be filled in once the fire is lit. Once this is completed, the structure should be a recognizable teepee or cone shape. The kindling should be lit on the underside inside the teepee walls through the hole

Outline Worksheet for Persuasive Speech

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the advantages of the online courses. Thesis Statement: Now, the online courses become more and more popular. However, why increasable students chose online courses, there are lots of homework, the limit time and the higher quality of the class. With the improvement of the online courses, the students can get same knowledge, but spend less time in the online courses. Introduction I. Attention-getter: At the beginning of my speech, I have several questions. Did you always spend a lot time between the school and home? Did you usually worry that you couldn’t catch up with the teacher? Did you ever think about the solutions for those? II. Establishment of ethos: In fact, I usually don’t get up until the class will begin in the morning, so I ever think that the classroom could move into my room someday. Now it becomes true. The online courses will bring more sleep time for me. III. Preview:Even though many students still prefer face-to-face lecture classes, I think online courses are more beneficial because the content is the same as classroom courses, the time is flexible and there is no peer pressure in online courses. With such great benefits, students should sign up for online courses considering the hectic lifestyle everyone has today. (Transition: Now, I will talk about the advantages about the online courses. ) Body I. First, the content of online courses is the same as the courses in a classroom. A. Professors can record their lectures into videos and teach live online, and professors can also assign homework for their students easily. The only difference for students is that they have to hand in their homework through the internet. However, this has nothing to do with the quality of the class. B. I found an article named â€Å"Students Can Take Class Online at Home,† which was published in the Atlanta Journal & Constitution, said that â€Å"students log on to a designated Web site where lecture notes and slide shows are posted. † Therefore, online courses already became a helpful way to teach students. II. Second, the schedule is very flexible for students. A. For some online courses, professors will just put the materials on their own website and let students take courses at their own pace. For example, a math teacher can allow students to run through a lesson on the computer or use the computer to help illustrate what is being taught personally. The online courses can also be used to give extra help to students about to fail a class. B. In addition, if it is a class that requires a lot of time, they can take breaks whenever and then continue later on. It is also an effective way to take a class, because after a break, students can concentrate on the class better and remember more things at the same time. III. Third, some students think that if they take a classroom class, they will feel peer pressure, because if another student finishes faster than he or she does, then he or she will get nervous and can’t finish the rest well. A. The problem will be solved if they take an online course because it is just the students themselves at home so they can study the questions at their own pace without the pressure of feeling nervous. They may help the students get a high grade in the exam or an assignment. B. For example, in my Chinese university, there will often be a lot of students taking an exam in the classroom at the same time. I remember that one of my classmates in my English class took the mid-term exam with me and that he took a long time during the reading part. As time progressed, more and more students finished before he did and after the time was up, I asked him how he did and he told me he couldn’t concentrate on the test because of text anxiety and the constant distraction of students leaving before he did, so he got a low grade on this exam. Conclusion I. Summarize and Review: In conclusion, students can greatly benefit from online courses. The content in lecture classes is the same as online classes. Also, the peer pressure is gone when it comes to online courses. Most importantly, students who take online courses have more flexible study time. II. Tie to the introduction: Therefore, taking online courses, we will waste no time between school and home, but get the same knowledge. III. Creative concluding thought: I think online courses will become more available to all students in the future then students can probably learn more effectively from the online courses. References: Sophia Lezin Jones, Aug 7, 2000, Atlanta Journal & Constitution, Gwinnett students can take class online at home Carter, Rochelle, Aug 1, 2002, Atlanta Journal & Constitution, BACK TO SCHOOL: Online courses expand Clayton's Class.com gaining popularity http://oedb.org/library/distance-vs-local/10-advantages-to-taking-online-classes/ http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Are-The-Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Of-OnlineCourses?;id=317526 http://www.ehow.com/facts_4797506_online-training-advantages-disadvantages.html http://seacstudentweb.org/top-benefits-of-online-education.php

Facebook Has Enriched My Life - 1328 Words

Fame is very much a double-edged sword.† – Kevin Bacon -- I can liken my presence on the web to a double-edged sword because of the associated advantages and disadvantages. In a positive sense, it has allowed me to establish a professional presence that I use to showcase my work to my peers, professors, and potential employers. In a negative sense, it has changed the way I communicate with friends and family members, which has stifled some relationships by making them less personal than they would be without the â€Å"aid† of the web. When I first came to State University, I tried to minimize my presence on the web by selecting privacy settings that would not allow people outside the State community to view my work. I was under the†¦show more content†¦This only reinforces the idea that a Facebook â€Å"friendship† is often perceived as empty and meaningless. Typically, when I think of someone as a â€Å"friend,† I don’t consider my Facebook friends first, but rather the people who I have recently interacted with on a more personal level. Even though one has the ability to have hundreds, or even thousands, more Facebook friends than might be feasible for real life, I do not believe that Facebook has changed the upper limits of friendship â€Å"previously set by nature† but rather serves as a supplement for real-world friendships and a breeding ground for digital friendships. Although most users have well below Professor Robin Dunbar’s upper limit of 150 friends, the â₠¬Å"Dunbar number,† most of my Facebook friends have between 200 and 2,000 friends (The Virtual Revolution). Personally, I have 705 Facebook â€Å"friends† which includes real-world friends, digital friends, family members, acquaintances, and even some celebrities. However, I only associate with a handful of these â€Å"friends,† mostly real-world friends and family members, and I don’t consider each one of these 705 friendships the same way. A major advantage of Facebook is that it allows me to maintain a â€Å"digital friendship† with those who I’m unable to maintain a real-world friendship. I think of a â€Å"digital friendship† as one that may or may not have started on-line and has significantly more on-line interaction than in-person interaction. In contrast, a â€Å"real-world friendship†Show MoreRelatedEssay on Positive Effects of Technology on Society.1349 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Technology on Society. In the last twenty years the computer has changed the way we work, live, and communicate. This incredible form of technology is a major part in our society today. Social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace have made communicating with our peers more convenient than ever before. 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Are AP Courses Worth It (Or Are They Simply Risky)

There are currently 37 AP courses and exams that students can take. But some students are confused and even anxious when it comes to taking AP courses in high school. AP Courses Risky? There are so many questions lurking out there in the minds of parents and students about AP courses! And this is no surprise, considering the cutthroat culture of competition for college admission slots. So will tougher AP courses put your grade point average at risk? Will your chosen college even recognize your AP scores? There is no straightforward answer, because there is no consistent rule when it comes to colleges, AP courses and grades. Some discriminating colleges do look for weighty AP courses on your transcripts, and they expect to see high grades and high exam scores to match. If you are looking at a very discriminating college, you will want to take this into consideration. Officials at these colleges know how to analyze a transcript and they will recognize students who take on a rigorous schedule. They know that some high schools are very demanding and others are not. If youre looking at competitive schools with very high standards, you will want to push yourself and sign up for the most challenging classes. Then there are other colleges. Some colleges—many of these are state universities—do not necessarily look closely at the types of classes you took. They don’t make allowance for the fact that your AP course was tougher than a standard class would have been. They don’t recognize that it is harder to earn a high score in an AP course, and they dont weight classes. They take a (seemingly unfair) straightforward approach to calculating GPAs. For this reason, students may be taking a big risk by overextending themselves with too many rigorous courses. Three A’s and one D in an all-AP schedule is simply three A’s and a D to some university officials. And if you are taking three or four AP courses at one time, there is a good chance that one of them will consume much of your time and leave you with little time for the others. A bad grade or two is likely. AP courses are hard. The requirements are set by the College Board and the courses are fast-paced and intensive. If you sign up for too many AP courses at one time, you are limiting the amount of time you can devote to studying for each exam. So if you aren’t committed to working hard and giving up some of your fun time for each class you sign up for, you should think twice. And What About AP Course Credit? Colleges do not necessarily award credit for AP courses because they may not believe that AP courses are equivalent to their own courses. Before you take an AP course, check the policy of your individual college of choice and see where they stand. You can easily look up the college catalog of any college and check their policies for specific AP scores. Why Would Colleges Refuse to Give Credit? There is concern among many college officials that, by skipping over introductory courses with AP credit, students can plunge themselves into advanced courses that they just can’t handle. That situation can lead to unnecessary struggles and eventual dropout. Colleges consider AP credit very carefully, and may give credit for some AP courses but not others. For example, a college may not credit students with freshman-level English for an AP English Literature and Composition course, because the administration has decided that AP credit is not sufficient preparation for college-level writing. They merely want to ensure that all students start off with a strong writing foundation—so they choose to require all students to take their  college English. On the other hand, that same college may award credit for AP Psychology and Art History. Which AP Courses Are Most Risky? There are a few common reasons that colleges don’t give credit for certain AP courses. You can use this list as a guideline when you research AP requirements at your college of choice. Colleges may require World History as a core area, so students who take American History and European History AP courses and expect credit could be out of luck.Colleges may not award credit for AP lab science courses.Some colleges limit the number of AP credits each student will receive. If you have five 5s you may have to choose two or three that you want to use as credit.Some colleges incorporate state history or state government into their own US history and government courses. For this reason, the US Government and Politics AP class would not include equivalent material. You could end up with elective credit.Some of the courses that are offered as AP courses simply dont appear in a certain colleges curriculum. For example, if Latin Literature is not offered at a college, that college wont necessarily award core credit or graduation credit for that AP test.    So Am I Wasting My Time With AP Courses? You are never wasting your time in a great learning experience. But there may be times when you are doing extra work that isnt going to lead to an earlier graduation date. There are usually two types of course credit awarded as you pursue a college degree. One type is program credit which fits into a degree program curriculum (including the general core). Each time you earn credit that fits into your degree program, you are moving closer to graduation. Some credits don’t really fill a slot in your program. Those courses are called electives. Elective courses are extra courses that take up time but don’t necessarily move you forward to graduation. AP credits sometimes end up as elective credits. For a few reasons, then, taking an AP course can be risky. It is a good idea to plan ahead and study the policies and the curriculum of every college you are considering. Know what courses are likely to earn credit before you sign up for an AP course.