International Law in Justifying a Special Classification of Researcher Research Paper

International Law in Justifying a Special Classification of Researchers or Journalists as a Group Deserving Additional Protections in Conflict Zones - Research Paper exercisingThis is because these journalists and researchers reveal close to of the key information of the terrorists and the other types of criminals of the world. the area outside the conflict zone creates enormous risk for the researchers along with journalist in their future actions2.2.3 The journalists and the researchers need to have a strong financial obligation of vindication of their lives from the hands of the terrorist groups and others. There is a need to have an additional security department to those researchers and journalists who are tenanted in the conflict zones. Moreover, it is advisable to the researchers and the journalists to avoid the most vulnerable conflict zones in the absence of the security forces. This would lead to the safety of the researchers and the journalists of the world3.There h ave been roughly of the evidential facts about the journalists who have been killed in some of the dangerous locations of the world. It is to be noted that around 70 journalists were killed in the year 2013. Since 1992 there are more than than a thousand journalists killed throughout the world due to the lack of protection and law. Moreover, the number is increasing at a higher accelerated rate through the passage of time. The number of people killed in some of the dangerous places is more horrible. One of such dangerous place is considered to be the Middle East Countries. In this region, Syria has been the most dangerous location for the civilians. A report reveals that over 72 people had been killed in Syria in the year 1992. Most significantly, the number of people killed in 2012 was 31 and 29 for the following year 2013. In 2014, till September, the number of journalists killed in Syria was 10. Other than Syria, Turkey is also considered to be one of the riskier regions for th e journalists. The lack of protection from the International law was evident from the fact that over 20 journalists and researchers were killed since 1992.

Health and Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health and Stress - Essay ExampleHowever, this paper aims to discuss sex differences and racial differences in terms of wellness behaviors.It has been observed that various races face identical stress and health problems. White and sinister are the most common and the basic classifications of races. However, in proper classification several(prenominal) names come. There are quite a few studies on stress and health behaviors and its touch on stress and health. This paper aims to find out if the gender and racial disparities exit. In case these do, what are the consequences? This paper also tends to identify if group of black citizens are healthier or stronger than the group of discolour people or vice versa. Does a race or gender clashing ones health behavior? If not, then what could be the reason behind such differences?Older Hispanics and Asian Islanders came across cultural blend by the mean of cross cultural weddings. Health behavior and stress impact on individual are bas ed on different patterns where age, race, amiable level, education and gender. It is said that black mortality curve crises over whites (Martin & Soldo, 1997).Different races have different health states. As per an investigation, inferior mental health and self perceived health have been reported in African Americans. Research build out that health and stress are not directly linked to race however, it depends on the be strength, age, gender and in many cases, marital status also impacts the health behavior. Research clearly indicated that if the meshwork and studies are managed, robust racial changes in health and stress are not observed (Williams, Yu, Jackson, & Anderson, 1997, pp. 243-250). some(prenominal) studies have been conducted to find out the disparities among races, behaviors, genders, ages, physical progress, educational level, job descriptions, income and their body and mental behaviors. The term health and stress disparities remained hot topic for researcher thro ughout in differentiating the

Examine the relationship between the designer and the art director Essay

Examine the kin between the designer and the fine art theater director - Essay ExampleThat design shall be used passim the editorial and advertising pages. Each of the magazine issues had headlines, text columns and the same kind of illustration (Hollis, yr of hold publication, p. 97). The increasing importance of images, then, as an art element in journalism and advertising also elevated the degree of participation of an art director because their reproduction and the layout as a whole became his/her responsibility (Hollis, yr of publication).Raizman (year of publication, p.98) characterized the work of an artist/designer as something that had to embody the magazines content, spot the work of an art director, which is the artifice merchant ship the elegance of the image, the attention to every detail so that it contributed to the total effect has to be concealed. An art director during those periods himself even added that directors plan, co-ordinates and rehearses but does not perform in public. Public performances are left to designers to establish unfold illustrations in traditional methods. This was exemplified in the works of designer Norman Rockwell for the Saturday Evening Post from the time of the First World War to the 1960s (Hollis, yr of publication).As an antidote to the hardships of the World War years and the nonpersonal modernity of factory and city, Rockwell created colored illustrations that presented a variety of familiar themes drawn from common middle-class experience, frequently related to seasonal activities and holidays. His idea is to create a sense of community and comfort provided by the family and approach by using common experiences and techniques of naturalistic illustrations to communicate those values (Raizman, year of publication). One of the best examples is the Posts cover in November of 1933 where a young mother is seen spanking a child in his belly on a chair. The story is clearly and simply told. The child bro ke a piece of decorative china which led the mother to resort to a traditional form of punishment but only while holding a psychology book that has guided her actions. In his attempt to experiment with more expressionistic approach to painting, he created illustrations of a festive family meal, which is one of four from a series entitled The quaternity Freedoms (Raizman, year of publication, p.226). The illustrations make the reader more comfortable with some of the discomforting information that threatens our confidence in relations with everyday existence. The Great Economic Crash in 1929 led businesses to formulate designs in order to switch their products. Many advertising executives believed that the purpose of advertisements is to gun for sales and that the reference to individual artists or works of art focused attention upon the ad as an object rather than the vehicle of promoting a product (Raizman, year of publication, p.225). blind directors and consultants Art dire ctors and consultants from the advertising industry recognized the importance of images in selling the products, but limited the images to be illustrated to familiar and recognizable images that could be easily grasped by the public rather than abstract ones. Art directors allow illustrators and designers accomplish this task with the idea of creating images with which the buyers can easily identify and directly connect to the products. However, because of this imposition by the art directors,

Leadership in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership in Nursing - Essay ExampleHence the vex for needs for the elderly relieve oneself become an issue of growing concern in Hong Kong. Traditionally, the contend of the spue is considered to be the moral duty of their family members among the Chinese. Hence, being c atomic number 18d for by nurses, who are strangers, places the Chinese people in somewhat of a paradoxical situation (Pang et al., cited in Smith & Tang 2004, p.18). Therefore, the success of nursing care depends too on the nurses ability to act as a surrogate family member.With increasing health issues of the elderly and their near-total dependance on healthcare facilities, private nursing homes are increasing in demand for the confinement of the elderly with deteriorating health issues like cerebrovascular accidents, fractures such as hip fractures, congestive heart failure, chronic clogging airways disease, dementia, parkinsonism, etc. The government has funded three forms of residential care, with the aged homes providing assistance with activities of daily living, C&A homes providing personalised attention and some nursing care, and infirmaries providing more intensive nursing care with medical supervision (Bartlett & Phillips 1995, p.238). though several measures have been undertaken to increase the number of residential care homes, the availability of such care homes alas still fall short of demand. This places increasing business on the available nursing care personnel. fit to a study done by Leung et al... Though several measures have been undertaken to increase the number of residential care homes, the availability of such care homes unfortunately still fall short of demand. This places increasing responsibility on the available nursing care personnel.According to a study done by Leung et al. (2000, p.65) from a random sample of private nursing homes in Hong Kong East region, increasing number of bedridden or chairbound patients, increasing dependency for basic activitie s of daily living, increasing problems of incontinence of bowel and/or bladder, increasing white plague of supporting devices, aggravating problems of bedsore, etc. lead to more hospitalizations and specialist out-patient clinic visits. Unfortunately the incidences of re-hospitalizations of these patients with recurrences of the same disease conditions have been gaining in frequency recently. Frail elderly patients are shuffled back and forth between acute care, non-acute care, centenarian age homes and the community (Derrick 1998, p.1). This situation calls for a highly efficient and totally effective nursing care system.This report studies the scenario in a private nursing home in Hong Kong. The scenario is analysed for the effectiveness of the nursing care rendered by the present nursing team, its leadership style, and its advantages and disadvantages. Also studied are the different leadership styles and concepts that are applicable to this context. New strategies for improving the situation are developed, and appropriate leadership skills are recommended that suit these strategies.2. place settingI work as intern in a nursing team handling ampere-second inhabitants of a private nursing home in Hong Kong. The average age of the group is

Why might a healthy psychological contract amonst its employees be Assignment

Why might a healthy psychological set about amonst its employees be important to an organisations effectiveness - Assignment ExampleThis concept has been widely discussed by the scholars lately and riseed to nominate certain impact on the overall performance of an government activity. However, in order to determine why a healthy psychological carry among the employees is important to an organizations effectiveness, it is necessary to build a tripping definition of what a psychological contract is first of all. Defining psychological contract Since the concept is relatively new, the scientists are still arguing on what exactly psychological contract is. The classical definitions state that psychological contract is either the perceptions of both parties to the employment relationship, organization and mortal, of the reciprocal promises and obligations implied in that relationship (Guest and Conway, 2002, p.1) or an individuals belief in correlative obligations betwixt that p erson and another party such as an employer (Rousseau and Tijoriwala, 1998, p.679). A quite similar definition befool Hall and Moss (1998), who claim that psychological contract consists of the mutual expectations in the employer-employee relationship. So, in general it seems that the concept of psychological contract is more related to employees, because organizations, as employers, cannot have any beliefs or expectations. People are the unrivalleds who have them. Therefore, in short it can be verbalize that a psychological contract might be described as an unwritten agreement between upper management and employees, that outlines how both parties see and understand their cooperation. Importance of healthy psychological contract to organizations effectiveness It is rather well-know that a happy and satisfied employee is a good worker. Consequently, good employees that show loyalty and devotion to their companies must have all their needs met and, thus, be happy. This is, accordi ng to Cyril van de Ven (2004), one of the major goals of psychological contract. It reduces employees insecurity regarding their jobs. Since it is physically impossible to state all the aspect of employee-employer relationships in a written contract, the psychological contract helps by means of filling the gaps of the official one. The psychological contact, consequently, helps employees to evaluate and gradation their obligations to the company and those of the organization to employees. So, if an employee believes that both parties fulfill their obligations, he or she is likely to show positive behaviors that consecrate to the quality of his or her job performance. Another important function of psychological contract is giving employees the intuitive savoring that they have some power over pull downts within the organization (Anderson and Schalk, 1998). This means that with the help of psychological contract employees percept the interrelation of roles and events as something they have agreed upon and have control over. As a result, even their self-esteem gets higher. So, if the psychological contract does not get broken, the employee will feel secure in the job. In addition, he or she will be performing well, thus fulfilling own obligations on the contract, in reaction to the companys fulfilling its obligations on the psychological contract. Consequently, when employees perform their jobs well the organization in general becomes more effective. A Healthy psychological contract ensures that employees are satisfied with their jobs, loyal to the organization, have adequate work-family balance, and feel fair treatment form the side of the employer. As a result the company gets reduced employee derangement and absenteeism, as well as improved individual and organizational performance. Employers influence on the state of the psychological contract Employers, in their turn, should take all the possible measures

Emergence of HIV and Drug Policy Ireland and Europe Essay

Emergence of human immunodeficiency virus and Drug Policy Ireland and Europe - Essay ExampleIn the course 2009, the number of new human immunodeficiency virus substantiating cases was 395. Along with that, the total number of persons who grow tested positive for HIV, in Ireland, stood at 5,637. It is as well as being estimated that, in that very year (2009), the total amount pass in the region (Ireland) spent towards HIV and several other communicable ailments was a staggering 114 million. This is mode higher than the funds that have been allotted towards the same purpose, in countries such as Japan and Italy. (1) In the year 2009, there were two deaths that are directly attributable to HIV, and along with this, the total number of mass who have died as result of AIDS, in Ireland, increased to 414. (1) At this juncture, a vital fact warrants particular(a) mention. Prior to the year 1985, HIV was not considered as that serious an ailment, by the Irish lot. But in that year s omething happened, livery about a drastic transformation in the manner in which the human race of Ireland viewed HIV. It was in the October of 1985 that the immensely popular actor, Rock Hudson, succumbed to HIV. That in fact was the first instance of Ireland where, the life of a celebrity was cut short by this deadly condition. It was only since then that the countrys people started to comprehend the seriousness of AIDS. For about the past two decades, the rise in incidence of HIV has tremendously influenced the drug policy of Ireland, as is the case with many other zones of the globe. The drug policy is based on the key objective of successfully combating the menace of wrong use of drugs. This in fact is amongst the primary causes of HIV in the country. The drug policy is being designed so as to be conducive for bringing out strategies that encourage community participation. Also, the policy strives to educate the citizens about the manner in which the risks of contracting HIV can be significantly minimized. (2) The aforesaid strategies are also aimed at enabling coordination amongst various wellness agencies that are toiling in the realm. The drug policy was successful in identifying some zones of Ireland where, the residents are with restrict economic strength. It was seen that, in these locations, the menace of drug abuse is rampant, and this invariably has a higher risk of HIV, as its inevitable consequence. The drug policy aims to form specialized task forces for implementing the strategies, in these zones. As a division of fact, some sections of the Irish Society strongly opine that, a drug policy would be displaying large success, only if it is developed in such a way that it can easily be coupled with other policies of the government, in the avenue of housing, employment and education, to cite a few. (2) It was felt that if the drug policy, instead of get linked with all the above-mentioned policies, concentrates solely on altering the behavi oral patterns of specified persons, key issues such as poverty and unemployment, etc, cannot be successfully addressed. In fact, it was also noted that the policy is now adopting a holistic approach for addressing the all-important issues. (2) Role of National Aids Strategy Committee Various NGOs that were also inclusive of drug agencies first started to work in the avenue of HIV, when people utilizing their services became HIV positive. These NGOs have meets at specified

Economic Growth and Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

stinting Growth and Development - Research Paper ExampleEconomic harvest-feast refers to an increase in the produce of a country over time according to Glanville and Glanville. It is an increase in a countrys national income indicated by the Gross National Product, GNP or Gross Domestic Product, GDP or in per capita output, that is, GNP or GDP per person. This makes its measurement quantitative, hence a macroeconomic variable that could be measured in a straight-forward manner. The history of economic growth could be traced back to the Adam metalworker theory which argues that savings and investment are growth stimulators. Growth would be directly affected by accumulation of capital and indirectly through labour productivity and exchange and trade. This theory postulates economic growth as the increase in the main factors of production, namely, labour, capital and land.Economic growth does not consider the magnitude of the intimate economy, also known as the black economy, which r efers to the unrecorded economic activity. It does not account for natural resources depletion that could poke out to pollution and disease. It concerns the increase in the output of an economy. Haller defines it as an increase in the income per capita of a nation, especially quantitatively. The supreme goal of economic growth according to Colombatto is to increase peoples production and consumption of both(prenominal) goods and services.Economic development differs from economic growth. It is a rather much broader concept which involves non-economic and intangible improvements on the standards of living as documented by Glanville and Glanville

Laura Ashley is a global British iconic brand. With reference to Assignment

Laura Ashley is a global British iconic brand. With reference to knowledge management strategies and effective use of technology - designation ExampleThrough KM, knowledge is appropriately distributed among every member of the hand-up in site to parent knowledge based achievementivity (Henczel, 2000). Contextually, it has been observed that since the past few decades a majority of the organisations have begun to punctuate on managing workforce in articulate to survive in a rapid changing competitive environment. KM primarily focuses on this accelerated changing environment through which organisations can transform their spotless activities into knowledge work and all of its employees into knowledgeable workers (Uriarte, 2008 Fao, 2013). Laura Ashley plc is considered one of the leading United Kingdom based organisation whose operations are primarily based on dealing with designing, distributing, sourcing and selling of apparel items, accessories as nearly as home furnishin g products. In the UK, the company operates with over 211 stores in which 134 stores deal with selling activities of various product categories, 54 home stores operates under home furnishing and accessories products and 21 stores act as a gift as well as clearance outlets (Laura Ashley, 2013). The essay intends to discuss the aspect regarding the way Laura Ashley implements KM strategies in order to attain competitive advantages. Additionally, this essay intends to delineate regarding the various approaches of KM strategies which Laura Ashley execute and follow in order to enhance its overall operational performance. Knowledge Audit Link to Strategy Codification Knowledge canvas is considered as a systematic and strategic approach towards the dimension of KM by which managers obtain an probability to incorporate its diverse operational activities within their organisation. Knowledge audit facilitates to bring efficiency within the fecund procedures and also assists to share valua ble knowledge amid the internal as well as external shareholders (Botha & Boon, 2003). With the supporter of well-developed knowledge audit strategies, an organisation can be able to identify suitable strategic directions in order to mitigate its knowledge based productivity. The objective of this strategy is to influence an organisation to maintain collaboration, coordination and make more consistent approach towards its goals (Hansen & et. al., 1999 Janicot & Mignon, 2012). In order to understand the role of knowledge codification, it is necessary to assess the attributes of the strategic options which are primarily implemented by Laura Ashley. With the aid of the KM strategies, the company can improve its work performance and also identify the sources of competitiveness. By emphasising on knowledge codification strategy, the companys Information Technology (IT) and Research & Development (R&D) departments play an imperative role for sharing the knowledge production information by which it can instantly access and distribute valuable knowledge amid its team members (Che Pa & et. al., 2012 Laura Ashley, 2013). Laura Ashley has primarily adopted and follows two major knowledge audit strategies i.e. codification and personalisation which helps the company to improve

For Poorer and For Poorer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

For Poorer and For Poorer - Essay ExampleAs an initial matter, it must be noted that changing economic conditions do seem to affect both piss roles and family roles in relationships. As noted by Hansen, in general terms, the changed economic conditions have resulted in more fighting, postponed weddings, and less(prenominal) sex (2003 np). The most immediate effect is the postponement of weddings. Rather than pursuing traditional roles as husband and wife, because of the large expenses associated with formal weddings, couples atomic number 18 delaying marriage while awaiting better economic times. In addition, new couples are hesitant to have children when they are unable to take care of themselves adequately. The family roles are consequently replaced by a more permanent boyfriend-girlfriend role and the relationships assume a less secure status. There is less romance, less self-esteem, and less sex. In addition to the alteration of family roles, there have also been alterations of traditional officiate roles. Couples are confronted with periods of unemployment and underemployment. Some people have admitted to removing advanced academic degrees in an effort to find jobs for which they are overqualified. In sum, the recent economic instability has affected both family roles and work roles in negative ways.In addition, a comparison of the idealism of the 1990s with the current period of economic instability highlights the very received financial pressures that young couples are experiencing.

Emotions and Posture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Emotions and Posture - Essay ExampleHowever, unitary clearly recognizable difference to my pose from these other activities existed when I worked on a calculating machine in a seated position. Because my eyesight is declining, it is increasingly difficult to work with a distance away from the computer screen, which caused a slight slouch in my posture while completing computer tasks. However, I undergo no slouching posture during the process of reading books or finishing other near-sighted tasks. After completing these initial observations over the course of three days, I manipulated the posture variable star for the next three days. Part of this manipulation was a slightly slouched stance by approximately 15 degrees. I concluded that this degree of lurch would not be readily recognizable by others who knew me well however, I believed the commute would register at some levels in both my own mind states and those of others. In order to maintain consistency, I kept this slouche d position during all activities and at all times for those three days during which the experiment was being conducted. one time my body became acquainted with the new stance through some practice and conscious thought, the new posture seemed natural, which allowed me to ignore that variable as I interacted with others and carried on with my daily life. During these interactions, the differences I noticed were not significant. Others seemed to be set in their perceptions of my body such that they could not notice the difference in my posture. However, my interactions with others changed in that I felt less confident (partly because of my idea that bad posture is an unattractive trait) and less open to interpersonal interaction. A decrease in confidence may have created a feedback loop in which my look affected others interactions with me during the time of the experiment. However, as I said, there were no noticeable differences in the way others perceived or interacted with me whi le the manipulation of my posture was occurring. After the experimental period had concluded, I returned to my usual patterns, including readjusting to my normal posture. From this, I discovered the interpersonal confidence I had before the posture change and I felt less self-importance-conscious about my attractive (or unattractive) stance. Posture, as such, does not receive untold conscious thought from most people unless of course their posture is noticeably bad either to the self or to others. Overall, my normal patterns seem to have returned without any major difference. The question of whether the posture manipulation eventually resulted in a change in my emotions depends on the situation. In some situations, the bad posture variable made me less likely to engage in interactions with others because I felt less attractive. Anxious emotions could be attached to the bad posture in that way. In other situations, the bad posture variable had no effect on how others treated me, wh ich left emotions like happiness from acceptance unchanged. My mood did not stand because of a bad stance, at least according to my observations. A serious limitation to this experiment is, of course, the self-reporting on a variable I am always tempted to think about during the course of the experiment. Nevertheless, despite this limitation, I believe that emotions can be affected by posture, assuming that one has a notion of frank posture as a physically attractive trait and that one either perceives himself as having a good or bad one. If the individual or the society has no

1) answer these 3 questions using slides uploaded. 2) summarize slides Essay

1) answer these 3 questions using slides uploaded. 2) summarize slides - Essay ExampleTask-focused approach is directing and consultative as the same time. This is commonalty in universities where the senate makes decisions and communicates them formally through instructions, emails, and memos due to its bureaucratic nature.Managers at low levels may consult to supercharge commitment of staff. Banks on the other hand, mostly move in charismatic transformation through order business process re-engineering. This is because its success is based on how it functions and often needs to restructure processes. Multinational enterprises survive in a dynamic environment hence need to adapt to changes frequently. In this case, it may engage in facilitated as well as directed change styles and its scale of change may set forth from fine tuning to corporate transformation. It is therefore likely to engage in turnarounds hence use directive style with some coercion. A good example is the To yota lean manufaturing technique referred as the Just-in-Time manufacturing and involves eliminating waste in the production process.This type of change may not be applicable to universities which mostly deal with nation and not manufacturing processes.There are many factors that can cause organisations to fail in their change initiatives. maven key factor is inefficient confabulation. The way management communicates change determines whether it will be succesful or not as communication is meant to gain engagement and commitment to a cause. The leader needs to explain why change is vital, how they will benefit from it and what will not change so as to minimise anxieties and resistance. discourse also allows the leader to give a vision or direction of where the company is going and what is pass judgment of everyone. In this way, staffs will be commited to the change implementation otherwise they will resist. However, it is not only communication that matters but

Nutrition Support of Hospitalized Patients Essay

victual Support of Hospitalized Patients - Essay ExampleThe healthcargon professionals often underestimate the nutritional needs of the patients who are critically poorly(predicate). More all over, the initiation of nutritional therapy is often delayed in these patients. In the critically ill patient, nutritional status plays a key role in recovery. The extent of muscle wasting and weight loss in the ICU is inversely correlative with long-term survival. However, because conventional parenteral nutritional therapy of malnourished critically ill patients has not been demonstrated to produce anabolism, blunting of the catabolic state may be the more effective strategy. everywhere the top of that malnutrition in the critically ill patients contribute been associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of stay, which may be correlated to increased dependency of mechanical ventilation, enhanced rates of infection, and impairment of wound healing. Therefore, to determine t he evidence in this area of care, it would be prudent to critically analyse the research findings which could justify the indications and contraindications of nutritional therapy in these patients. ... Concomitantly, in that location is an increase globulin synthesis as a part of acute phase response. Metabolically, there is noted to be increased gluconeogenesis along with reduced serum iron and zinc levels and increased copper and ceruloplasmin levels. These changes lead to febrility and an associated negative nitrogen balance. There is protein breakdown invariably in all patients. There is evidence that critically ill adult patients may lose about 16-20 g of nitrogen, which are supposed to be excreted in the form of urea, which in normal individuals are about 10-12 g/d. Many acutely ill patients have septic complications, and in some of them, the nitrogen loss may account for up to 24 g of urinary urea nitrogen daily. The nutritional implications of these facts become very signi ficant since with the loss of 1 g of urinary urea nitrogen, the nitrogen content in 6.25 g of protein is loss, which is equivalent to approximately 1 oz of pitch body mass. As one can calculate, the loss of 16 g of nitrogen as urinary urea is therefore equal to the loss of about 1 lb of skeletal muscle or lean body mass per day (Doig et al., 2008).Nutritional supplementation, hence, bears an important meaning in the management of patients who are critically ill. Studies have indicated that initiation of nutritional supportive treatments in critically ill patients within 48 to 72 hours of admission has at least three important outcomes. These are improved clinical outcomes, overturn rates of infectious complications, and shorter duration of hospital stay. The route of administration of nutritional supports to these patients has also important influences over clinical outcomes. Evidence indicates that enteral nutrition is favorable over parenteral

Writing problems for high school students Research Paper

Writing problems for high school students - Research Paper modellingOn top of the list is the anxiety that many students have when the adjustment to college writing is a necessity. check to Writing Anxiety, since many are not accustomed to it, there is the feeling of mild confusion. As expected, when this issue goes unnoticed and unresolved, it leaves the student in an awkward position. This is because many fear asking questions lest they seem balmy but it is not the way it ought to be. In order to resolve this, the teachers should explain in details what college-writing entails. Secondly, let the students understand that it is normal for anxiety to exist where one has never been before is a great inspection and repair to them. Additionally, anxiety can also be overcome by recording the students their strengths as opposed to highlighting weaknesses. In other words, whenever a student feels inferior because of not understanding the style of college writing, it is vital to show them that there are other strong areas to focus on. Unlike in high school where students would keep open using any words, college-level writing prohibits usage of some words. Normally, this puts a block in the inexperienced students way because formal language has to be used. For instance, in college writing, the use of pronouns is hardly allowed colloquialism and abbreviation of names are strictly to be avoided.

CHANEL IN CHINA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

CHANEL IN CHINA - Research composition ExampleAs economy in China is rapidly growing, the Chinese who can afford prodigality also increases. The republic is considered as the third largest luxury merchandise in the world, after the United States and Japan. This is the primordial reason multinational companies of luxury goods extend presence of their products in the country. China is one of the most economically developed countries in the world. It has gained its momentum since the Chinese embraced economic transformation in the late 1970s. China has heart-to-heart its market to opposed investors which attracted many multinational corporations (MNCs) to come and do business. The MNCs then become the engine of the country in its rapid economic growth that helped increase its participation in the international market. Due to globular competition, many MNCs established themselves in the Chinese market mainly to seek for cost-reduction and new market. China became a favorite destin ation of foreign investors or MNCs because of fast investment return. The rapid economic growth opens to a greater extent market opportunities but still provides cheaper but high quality resources and huge supply of inexpensive labor. This entices the image of foreign investors to enter in the emerging market. ... One of the luxury companies that established a branch in China is the Chanel. Chanel with Mandarin name Xiang Nai Er, which means little more than fragrant is an international luxury goods companion with over 200 boutiques worldwide. It is founded in 1909 by Gabrielle Coco Chanel, a famous haute couture which revolutionized womens fashion and introduced perennial elegance and fashion. The mother branch is in Neuilly sur Seine, France. The company is one of the worlds preeminent fashions of the present genre. It offers a broad range of luxury products such as ready-to-wear clothes, make-up, fragrances, skincare, leather goods, book jewelry and accessories. This paper w ill try to identify Chanels development of global strategic alliances, inter-company collaboration, and position for greater global competitiveness. Though MNCs such as Chanel have several strengths which include strong grade image, high quality products, and excellent management, they still need strategies to be able to compete in the market due to increasing number of luxury brands competing. Discussion Various business strategies are employed by companies especially MNCs in order to maintain presence, establish presence in new markets, and compete in their market segment against same products. In the case of luxury brand Chanel, its advantage may be its global presence for more than a century now, but this does not mean challenges are few. prototypical off, Chanel like any other MNC that is new to China, needed strategic global alliance that will admit the market entry as well as reduce all possible risks that a foreign investor will go through. 1. Development of global strat egic alliances Knoke (2009)

Term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Term paper - Essay Examplesic accounting in the current financial crisis situation which has once again raised concerns amongst stakeholders as major US corporations atomic number 18 having financial difficulties and devote already declared bankruptcies. The act of accounting usance in order to maintain busy of shareholders in companies is more likely to happen in addition to increase in other types of frauds. Therefore, rhetorical accountants are more than ever in the spot light for their role to tackle bigger challenges which lie forward of the current recession.In this investigate paper different aspects of forensic accounting will be discussed and its relevance as a determining factor to the outcome of accounting frauds and scandals that erupted in the previous recessions that left their trails on the US economy. This report is not limited to the US economy but it also relates to the role of forensic accounting and its due consideration provided by the regulatory framewo rks of other countries by carrying out a thoroughgoing research and supplementing the report with inquisitive insight into the profession of forensic accounting and the challenges which are confronting this profession in the qualm of the current global recession and fears of yet again a stream of cases involving accounting manipulation emerging tearing down what is considered to be strictly regulated reporting framework. The reason for selecting this area of research is that cases of frauds and accounting manipulations are already on the rise as companies try to survive and retain shareholders interest in them.The older version of forensic accounting could be traced back to 1817 when a case involving failure was being investigated in the US court and the formal use of term forensic accounting appeared in the article published by Maurice E. Peloubet (Crumbley, 2001). Today forensic accounting is considered to be one of the most all-important(a) and highly valued branches of the acc ounting profession. There are a large number of

PlayStation Marketing Mix & Environment & Target Essay Example for Free

persistStation merchandising Mix Environment Target EssayThe PlayStation instigant is a series of video endorse consoles created and developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. PlayStation was the idea of Ken Kutaragi, who cognize as The father of the PlayStation, a Sony executive who had just come out of his hardware engineering part at that time. The consoles origins date back to 1986 where it was originally a joint reckon between Nintendo and Sony to create a CD-ROM for the Super Nintendo. The PlayStation made its debut at the Consumer Electronics Show in June 1991 when Sony revealed its console, a Super Famicom/SNES with a built-in CD-ROM drive. However, a day after the announcement, Nintendo announced that it would be breaking its partnership with Sony. The eff was broken by Nintendo after they were unable to come to an agreement on how revenue would be intermit between the two companies. The breaking of the partnership infuriated Sony President Norio Ohga, who respo nded by appointing Kutaragi with the responsibility of developing of the PlayStation project to rival Nintendo. The original PlayStation released in December 1994 was the first of the ubiquitous PlayStation series of console and hand-held game devices.Target Market They targeted at fans of video games and teenager or audience starting at 17+ and the focus is more on the male. Of course the games themselves have limits on who can play them, depending on the satisfy rating on the games cover. Sony developed the PlayStation with the intention of hitting a wider, especially the older generation of period of play enthusiasts.Marketing Mix * Product A successful market efforts result in product that shape a part of everyday life, and that what Sony reached by offers games of all genres to match customers gaming preference. With its product PlayStation they have succeeded in satisfying the customers wishes by developing it among the time as requirements of the customers and their needs .* Distribution Decisions with respect to distribution focus on making the product available in adequate quantities at places where customers are normally expected to denounce for them to satisfy their needs. Selecting the appropriate retailers or wholesalers is an important thing. PlayStation covered the market. Its distributes it in various channels, customer buy it from the retailers accept by Sony, and these retailers buy the products directly from the company itself.* Promotion Promotion is a key element of marketing program and is concerned with effectively and efficiently communicating the decisions of marketing strategy. A companys promotional efforts are the only controllable means to create awareness among publics about itself, the products and services it offers, their features and influence their attitudes favorably. publicise campaign carried out by Sony to promote their product for PlayStation was big, they published video clips on the cyberspace, and they have adve rtisements in television screens, newspapers and magazines all over the world and other promotional media are very important in term of creation awareness about it.Some of the phrases in the ads are Live In Your World. Play In Ours. Wherever, Whenever, Forever. The most notable of recent PlayStation commercials is the series of It Only Does Everything, these commercials garnered popularity among gamers.* Price Pricing decisions are intimately of all time made in consultation with marketing management. Customers directly relate price to quality. PlayStation is with price die hard from moderately-high. Here in Saudi Arabia its price varies from SR 1300 to 1700 first raises the market, and then begins gradually decrease its.Marketing Environment * Competitive Biggest competitors to PlayStation are Wii of Nintendo and Xbox from Microsoft. The competition among them is very strong, PlayStation sales dropped against Wii at the beginning of 2008, and one of the reasons is its first pric e.*Numbers in thousands* Technological The current penetration of Internet creates the stimulus for the increase use of Internet as information. The introductions of new technologies have changed the nature of customers expectations, creating new zones of tolerance. Today, customers expect more flexibility, speed and dependability from retailers, than in front the introduction of web-based technologies.* Sociocultural The price has become the key determinant of purchase choice. Various consumers are always looking for the best price opportunities. Also, research shows the large number of UK consumers choice of product strongly depends on the appeal of product mix and its congruence with their self-concept.

Constraints of literacy in developing countries Essay Example for Free

Constraints of literacy in developing countries EssayPoverty and illiteracy go hand in hand. Majority of the illiterate women live in countries with increasing economic difficulties and wondrous debt burdens. The existence of multiple causes such as discrimination and deprivation against the female population is easily revealed (E. Malmaquist, 199219-20). 2 hypothesis (1) barriers and (2) effects argon constraints of literacy. Both will be examined and broken down for better savvy as to why they correlate with command to affect womens development.coge ger segegew orge gek inge foge ge. Several barriers reveal important patterns and trends in womens education in developing countries1. Each indicators leads to the same conclusions the level of female education is low in the poorest countries, with scantily a handful of exceptions and by any measure the gender gap is coarsest in these countries.2cogg ggr seggggw orgg ggk ingg fogg gg.Literacy Ratescoef efr seefefw oref efk in ef foef ef.Literacy is iodin of the chief(prenominal) goals of education around the world. The ability to read and write is considered almost a basic human right. even low literacy rates prevail among women in many developing countries a staggering figure of twenty dollar bill percent for female adult literacy rate (E. King, etal, 1997 2). According to Malmquist (1992) women often face practical barriers to their participation in literacy programmes3 (19). One must realize that even though literacy is non the only means to development it should be considered an essential instrument in the right direction to growth potential (25). This relieve oneself from www.academicdb.comIn Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Nepal, Somalia and Sudan, fewer than ten percent of women argon literate, while male literacy rate is non so low. The percentages of men who argon literate are three to four times larger. Among other countries the gender gap is noticeable large Libya 30%, China 38%, Zaire 26%, B otswana 21% and Turkey 23%.4coge ger segegew orge gek inge foge ge.Obstacles to literacyWomens place is in the home. Subsequently, we have got heard this phrase many times over. In several developing countries, this saying is professedly for while the men folk are away from the home, the women take over the mens work while tending to their customary chores. On their shoulder lie the responsibilities of the household, children and the work of the fields. Even though men work from break of day to sunset, a womans work is never done. Many women rise at four or five oclock in the morning with a lot of chores to be completed before day is done. 5coca car secacaw orca cak inca foca caFrequently a woman covers long distance carrying wood, water and farm products (K. Chlebowska, 1990 83). It is no wonder these women have no opportunity in pursuing an education that will enable them in their developmental cognitive operation if they have no time for the betterment of themselves.coca car secacaw orca cak inca foca caEducationcoaf afr seafafw oraf afk inaf foaf afAccording to Chlebowska, in 1985 some(prenominal) 130 million children6 eighty percent of who were girls did not attend school. Insufficient numbers attending school, dropout and absenteeism are variables of the education of girls. Distance from school is one of several obstacles to school attending. In rural areas where transport facilities are limited, parents hesitate to send their daughters to a remote school outside villages or homes. If transport exists they are not free and parent who are poor must either abandon schooling or shuffle a choice, which is always the determinant of the girl staying at home (K. Chlebowska, 1990 72). sabir4u, please do not redistribute this project. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not locomote this project elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently ban ned. teach dropout is more than frequent amongst girls. Also engagement, marriage and motherhood contribute to school dropout. The percentage of girls in elementary schools in developing countries is lower than that of boys. A case in point is in Africa in1987 the rate of readjustment of boys aged 6 to 11 was 69% and that of girls only 56% for the same age group. In Asia 77% boys attended school while 59% girls did not (73). sabir4u, please do not redistribute this paper. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this paper elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned.In summing one can ascertain that under-attendance of girls at school attributes to less being able to neither read nor write. The reasons are that many of these girls live in rural areas and are generally poor. Parents do not see the attendance of their daughters in school a necessity and not essential when there are household chores to be performed, which in the eyes of mothers and grandparents are more important than education, whereas it is for boys as they turn out to become heads of the households (K. Chlebowska, 1990 74).coec ecr seececw orec eck inec foec ecAs we have observed there are constraints put into place, which affect womens literacy in developing countries. Subsequently, it is more difficult for women and girls to acquire an education while boys are given more of an opportunity to do so. As a result, due to this kind of restriction on women the manifestation of gender-gap has astronomical influence that is irreparable.codb dbr sedbdbw ordb dbk indb fodb db.

Global Green Case Study Essay Example for Free

globular common land Case Study riseThroughout the foundation population ar always talking about global warming and how the world has become so polluted. People often need to do something about it, they just dont know what. Thats where spheric verdancy USA comes into play. Global Green USA is a study environmental organization. The mission of Global Green USA is to foster a global value transpose toward a sustainable and secure future. In order to do this the organization must understand if they entertain the right strategy and horticulture to perform as a super innovative organization, potential conflicts at heart stakeholders, and positivist impacts they can have on the subjective environment. Positive impacts and sustain capacity often separates companies from success and failure. With that being said, Global Green USA has many activities and initiatives which appear to make a difference optimistically for the environment. One of the ideas that Global Green h as leaving for them is the way they use celebrities to help get their points across. For example, they collaborated with actor Brad Pitt, who acted as venire chairman. By using a famous actor it draws more attention to the company and people are more wantly to buy into the idea.In some different words, Brad Pitt speaking out for the company is personnel casualty to draw a lot more attention and success then if I were to get up and speak. This is just a simple idea that helps make a difference for a company like Global Green USA. More importantly, Global Green is re building destroyed homes affected by graphic disasters. At first glance people may think, big deal they are building something up that could have been through by any other company. The reason they are different is because they rebuild houses a certain way, the green way.This has such a positive impact on the community because not wholly if are they saving people m peerlessy, scarcely they are helping clean up th e environment with regards to unhealthful waste like carbon dioxide. In addition to rebuilding houses, Global Green has also done much work on local schools. After completing the Silver Wilson School, a project where they use non-toxic materials and solar panels, 4,500 people have come to Global Green looking for ways to remediate muscle efficiency in their own homes. People have seen what Global Green can do and want to translate that into their own personal homes.Finally, if New siege of Orleans was rebuilt according to the green standards, residents would save $38 to $56 one million million million in energy bills every year. This would also eliminate over a half million total tons of carbon dioxide the equivalent to taking 100,000 cars off the road. To put in the simplest terms, Global Green USA is doing many things that are creating a positive impact on the natural environment. With just a glimpse of the evidence provided above I would say it is very safe to say that Global Green USA has the right strategy and culture to perform as a highly innovative organization.When it comes to the culture it is clear they are in the right place doing the right thing. For example, when Hurricane Katrina struck the people of New Orleans were devastated. They lost cars, homes, and even loved ones. While you cannot replace some of those items Global Green stepped in and move to return the safety net of a house that was secure to their family and them. They drew support not only from the peoples houses they built back up, but people from all across the country and nation.They candid the eyes of many people and showed them what they can do for a community/culture. Switching gears, Global putting surface main reason for being around is to help clean up the environment and make houses and buildings safer for people to live in. By using the correct equipment, they are helping protect children from respiratory and other diseases. As a direct result from green schools bei ng opened, thousands of students are now attending classes in salutary classrooms in energy- and water-saving buildings.According to the article, these greener schools are helping raise students test scores, reduce sick days, and save money. In my opinion, if this isnt considered the right strategy and good enough reason to perform as a highly innovative organization, then many organizations will not and should not be around. With many other strategies and the resource of a proper culture, I believe Global Green USA does indeed have the ability to continue performing as a highly innovative organization. Within an organization there are often times many different stakeholders.First of all we must understand that stakeholders are persons, groups, and other organizations that are directly affected by the behavior of the organization and that hold a stake in its performance. This is true for Global Green USA. Global Green USA major stakeholders are many of the big energy plants along with various climate solutions. If I were to be an advisor of CEO, matting Petersen, there would be a few things that I would point up as possible conflicts to the different stakeholders. The first one would be the choice of homes you are choosing to rebuild.It said that over 50,000 homes were rebuilt in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina this is definitely a positive gesture but what might some people think if you choose not to rebuild their house. real you are doing a great thing by helping out people that need it but what about the people you couldnt help out. These people could have a lot of anger and exercise a lack of support on the organization. More in depth, if there are multiple natural disasters and different places in the world are you going to treat them both equally.More importantly, are you going to use your idea of a greener place and help both populations? Next, Global Green says they are works on the issue of Sea-dumped chemical weapons. This is a nice idea but do they have a plan on what to do with the weapons once they remove them from the sea. You do not want to clean up the pollution in one area and put it in another. There are many other possible conflicts, but the best way to deal with them is to make sure all stakeholders stay gnarly and informed on what is going on with the organization.On the whole, Global Green USA is continuing to modify lives, educate masses, and help live up to their mission set out by CEO Matt Peterson. Even to this day Global Green is taking steps into making as many building as possible live up to the green standards set by the design and competition. They remain stir and are forever coming up with new ideas on not only ways to improve houses and buildings, but motorcycles and automobiles as well. Best put, Global Green USA is an organization that has sustainability on the environment and is constantly thinking of new ideas to remain a highly innovative organization.

Choices, consequences and Conflict Resolution Essay Example for Free

Choices, consequences and Conflict Resolution Es rankI. Reading circle the word that better(p) finishes the sentences. (10 points each) /20Read the paragraph and select the answer based on what we learn about dispute resolution. mare is having a conflict with her coworker Brenda. Brenda is coming novel to work and Maria ends up doing her work and Brendas work. Maria does not know what to do but she fears that if Bread keeps coming late they will two lose their jobs, because the work is not getting done on time. What should Brenda do?a. Dont say anything to Bread and Just keep working faster b. Pull Brenda to the side and explain how the situation affects twain of them c. Quit her job before she gets fired. d. Talk to her supervisor and ask her to fire BrendaIf Brenda gets upset with Maria, how should Maria oppose?a. Maria should yell very loudly to show she is strongerb. Maria should control her emotions and move forwardc. Maria should leave the room and regulate a supervi sord. Maria should say it is ok for her to come lateII. Vocabulary match the word with its definition.(10 points each) /60 Choice, consequences, conflict, resolution, mediate, professionalism An act of selecting or making a decision when go about with two or more possibilities. A disagreement between two or more people. interact in a dispute to bring about an agreement or reconciliation To reach an agreement. To find an answer. To end a conflict. The competence or skill expected of a professional. Something that logically or of course follows from an action or condition III. Writing During the past month we learned about the 10 Rules of veracious Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Please write one to two paragraphs about the consequences of not following the 10 Rules. (20 points) /20

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Corporate companionable Responsibility EssayDefinition-Carroll, 1979 2008, 500 The amicable responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary expectations that a companionship has of organizations at a given point in time. EU Definition of CSR A concept whereby companies amalgamate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a self-imposed basis. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of carriage of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large innovation-Corporate Social Responsibility is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. CSR i s generally understood as being the way through which a play along achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives (Triple-Bottom-Line- Approach), while at the same time addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders. In this sense it is important to draw a distinction between CSR, which can be a strategical business management concept, and charity, sponsorships or philanthropy. Even though the latter can also make a valuable contribution to poverty reduction, will directly enhance the reputation of a fellowship and inflect its brand, the concept of CSR clearly goes beyond that.The Pyramid of CSROne of the most popular concepts of CSR was developed by Archie Carroll in the early 1990s. It is known as the pyramid of CSR. The pyramid suggests that CSR is composed by 4 different kinds of social responsibility. These responsibilities are economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic. Caroll considers them to be basic economic responsibilities. The aim of economic responsibility is to provide goods and service for consumers and to gain profit out of it. (Crane, Matten, Spence, 2008, p. 62) Due to capitalism the idea of profit transformed into the extent of maximize profits upon all other aspects. Society sanctioned businesses for their idea of maximizing profits and in this background governments legislated ground rules according to which businesses must operate. The rules indicated companies to comply with regulations and to fulfill legal obligations.Even though norms like lividness and justice are well ordered in economic and legal responsibility, ethical responsibility goes beyond the law and regulations. It embodies values, norms and expectations from stakeholders, like consumers, employees and a shareholder, for what they believe is fair and right. For a company ethical components of CSR embrace performing morally and ethically and going further than compliance with laws and regulations. (Caroll, 1991)However, ethical res ponsibility is intertwined with the legal conception and is button toward more regulations and higher expectations. The last and smallest layer of the pyramid is philanthropic responsibility. Philanthropic responsibility means for the company to be a good corporate citizen. Taking this challenge into account the company has to contribute to arts, tuition and the community and, therefore, endorse human welfare or goodwill. Philanthropic responsibility is sometimes put on the same level as ethical. However, the difference is that it is not seen as unethical behavior if businesses do not contribute their money to humanitarian programs.

African religion and christianity Essay Example for Free

African religion and christianity EssayAlthough Africa was not a plain or bear continent, Africans had their commission of life, structure of g everywherenment, religion, economical activities, education,systems of marriage and development plans for their societies, nevertheless the British brought their systems which affaired with Africans established way of life, this was because the British, as some other European powers were economicall(a)y depressed and Africa appe atomic number 18d to be the only way out.The British wanted to pass the three Cs Commerce, that is to make m superstary by dint of with(predicate) acquisition of free labour form Africans, raw materials for their industries as industrial revolution back in Britain was rapidly taking place, market for their surplus production Christianity to sustain Africans as alluded in the Gospel of Saint Mark 16 versus 5 Go ye to the entire world, baptizing all men in the name of Jesus. Explorers such as David Livingst adept, Vasco Da Gama, Portuguese Diego Cam and Arabs with Muslim faith had missi whizzr fire. The last C is for Civilization, they wanted to civilize Africans in terms of education, culture and many other aspects I will bring out later in this essay.RELIGIONB omits Law definition of religion This is mans relation to Divinity, prise, worship, obedience, and submission to mandates and precepts of supernatural or superior beings. In a broad sense, it includes all forms of belief in the existence of superior beings exercising power over gentleman beings by volition, imposing rules of conduct with future rewards and punishments.AFRICAN RELIGIONAwolalu defines African religion as more often than not written in the peoples myth and folktales, in their songs and dances, in their liturgies and shrines and in their proverbs and pithy sayings. It is a religion whose historical founder is neither known nor worshipped it is a religion that has no zeal for the membership drive, yet it offer s persistent fascination for Africans, young and grizzly. The African traditional religion was not self-colored as the communities had different ethnic background thus the religious practices such rituals varied ane company to the other. It is worth noting that it was oral, not scripted or written and was passed from one generation to the other by intelligence service of mouth as I earlier alluded in the Awolalu definition of religion. Within their organized social structures, Africans believed in supernatural beings together with ancestral spirits.The ancestral spirits were believed to link the living societal members to the gods.We all restrain that one cannot talk about African religion without African values as they are intertwined and inseparable. African religion was embedded in moral values or codes or standards which were believed to originate from God through the ancestral spirits, these values when followed or observed one would be rewarded with maybe good harvest f rom their market-gardening of land or increased number of a flock of cattle. When these values have violated the culprits were reprimanded, for instance, criminal conversation was highly condemned in that locationfore in case a member engaged in it he or she could be punished by God through the ancestral spirit. This punishment could be through the pain in the ass of sickness to the culprit or barrenness.The concept of values is a vital point as one talks of the African religion. African religion is drawn from the African values. The African religion had around institutions which presided over religious functions, these institutions were believed to communicate directly to ancestral spirits (living dead) who in turn would communicate to the gods and grievances of the living societal members would be heard. In the Kenyan context, these institutions include Orkoyot of the Nandi, Oloibon of the Maasai, Seers, Diviners, and Rainmakers depending on the ethnic communities which they came from.These institutions apart from the veneration of the ancestors, they blessed warrior earlier going for war, advised the political leaders, offered sacrifice to god and conducted rituals for the culprits who violated moral values in the community. The gods had some specific names for instance, in Kenyan context, we had Enkai for the Maasai, Encore for the Abagusii, Mulungu for Akamba, Asis the Nandi, Ngai for the Agikuyu and Nyasaye for the Luo. in that respect were specific worship places which were regarded as holy, this places include shrines, mountaintops some specific trees such as mugumo, hills, and some caves. The diversity of the names given to gods and places of worship, show the lack of uniformity in the African Religion. This concludes that Africans were of different ethnic background and had their own religion, gods, and religion as a community.CHRISTIANITYThis is a religion based on the life, teachings, and practices of the person of Jesus Christ. The origin of Christianity is drawn from a character, believed to be the Son of God. It is a religion more about the relationship between one and Jesus preferably religious practices. A Christian, as the name suggests is a follower of Christ. The origin of Jesus of extra-ordinary or superhuman happening as it is believed He was conceived by the power of Holy Spirit and born of a Virgin. This down in the mouth description ascertains the definition of religion as I had earlier defined it.Christianity is practiced through discipline the account book and attendance of services for the Protestants and Mass for the Catholics. The religion is scripted or written in the Bible which is the reference for all who ascribe to Christianity. It contains all the rules guidelines, commands that Christians should observe their entire life. These guidelines govern human relationship to one another and their relationship to their God.there no diverse Christians as all of them draw their beliefs from Jesus Ch rist through reading and exercising their beliefs from the Bible.Christianity is a homogeneous religion or rather uniform.There are institutions such Priests, Bishops and Catholic Fathers who lead other Christians in worship. These people undergo theology training for them to undertake their duties. There are specific places of worship where Christians congregate. These places are Churches or Chapels.THE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES.They in the main to spread Christianity and CommerceDr. David Livingstone, I go back to Africa to make an open pass for Christianity and Commerce. The first encounter is dated from the 15th Century. The Portuguese Christianity inception to Africans in the East African Coast. This, however, had very little success. By 19th Century Christian missionaries arrived in East Africa they included1.The Holy Ghost Fathers2.The Church Missionary Society3.The Methodist Fathers4.The hoagy Hill FathersTHE ENCOUNTERI) Source/origin of ReligionThe Africans believed that th eir religion was sourced from god, who they believed long before their ancestors existence. The British Missionaries conflict with Africans by telling them about the existence of a God who had a son and lived among us many years ago. The religion of British was written (Bible) thus one had to have the ability to read and create verbally in order to understand it, whereas that of African was passed from generation to generation by oral tradition. There is an introduction of a new system of identifying the origin of religion which conflicts with the African system.II) Places of worshipThe Africans revered in special caves, Mountaintops, hills, Forests, Special trees (mugumo) and shrines. The British tell Africans that they should worship God places called Churches. This encounter shows that there is a bit of encounter as the African places were very clearly defined and preserved by the community members. The British also seized African land to construct churches or chapels, African s, as a result, became very hostile as they had lucid worship places which occurred naturally. They believed that their land was for cultivation and a gift from their gods.III) The Practices of ReligionThe Africans practiced their religion by reverence to their ancestors, offering human and animal sacrifices and invoking the ancestral spirits. They offered sacrifices in order to get favors in terms of harvest. The African worship was communal that is, all community members used to convene to pray for rain and ask for the health of the community. The British religion had an aspect of confession of ones sins before worship, repentance, and forgiveness of sin are granted. This aspect of forgiveness of sins lacks in the traditional African religion, one had to be punished for wrongdoing. British missionary religion brings out an aspect of offerings in terms of money and tithe which is ten percent of ones total earnings.IV) Religious leadersIn African religion, worship was led by Divin ers, Rainmakers, and Seers who were considered righteous. The organize of religious leaders was taught through apprecentiship and was hereditary from specific clans in the community. There were certain clans from whom diviners would descend. They were highly respect in the community. The British Christian religious leaders attend school to be trained mainly on theology. They study formalities of worship and nature of God. Any member of Christian family can release a religious leader although there are some myths which say one has to be called by God. The Christian leader has to have the ability to read and write so as to pass the scriptures to his congregation.V) uniformness of ReligionAs I handled earlier in this essay, the African traditional religion was diverse from one ethnic community to the other due to the linguistic differences, migration patterns and origin. Christianity is introduced as a homogeneous religion as the author of it is Jesus Christ, a common ancestry and r eference point for all Christians. The diversity of worship is dismantled by the British introduction of this even religion.As I have pointed above there are distinct differences between Traditional African Religion and the British Christianity and how both systems fought to outdo the other. The African religion had deep roots in the society as it was passed orally through stories, myths, riddles and proverbs which were very likeable to the audience. These deep roots were however uprooted as change is inevitable in every circumstance. As an old adage, one mans meat is another mans poison. The British taken with(p) the Africans struck back but were soft overpowered, and gave in.The British were gradually using religion as a light beam to pass several other systems to the Africans. Education which traditionally was based on oral tradition was easily eliminated as most Africans wanted to quench their thirst for knowledge, for those who resisted religion soon began to embrace this Wh itemans way of worship.

Importance of sports Essay Example for Free

Importance of sports EssayThe importance of sports in the life of a young schoolchild is invaluable and goes much further than the basic answer that it keeps kids off the streets. It does in fact keep kids off the streets, but it besides instills lessons that are essential in the life of a student athlete. Sports play a pivotal role in the get atup of a young athlete, especially in the middle school to high school years where student athletes are much more than ripen and mentally developed. Where else can a young, impressionable youth learn values like discipline, responsibility, self confidence, sacrifice, and right? Television, which may be the most influential tool in the lives of young adults, does not show plentiful of these qualities, nor is it on the Internet, or radio. Rather it is up to the parents, teachers, sports teams, clubs, and after school programs to military service mold, develop, and instill these qualities into the lives of student athletes. I belie ve in assemble for this to happen, school sports programs must have a few components in place. The front thing they need is a good core of coaches that understand the great responsibility that is placed upon their shoulders to help shape and prepare these student athletes not only in sports, but in their everyday lives. Yes, I did say coaches, because it is a responsibility that lies on the shoulders of more than one person and it is going to take more than one person to help lead these student athletes to success. The second component also involves the coaches It is the ability to produce the admiration and the trust of the athletes. This is crucial because if you can capture a persons admiration and trust you can spark off them to perform at a higher level not only in sports, but also in their own lives. If you can get the athletes to believe in you and your philosophies you can begin to see world-shaking changes in grades and behavior. It all starts with coaches that have a p lan and methodology behind the principles they are teaching.As I said earlier, there is a great responsibility on the coaches to help young student athletes make a smooth transition into society. The third and I believe the most crucial of all is the nourishment that comes from the community, and administration. This is very important because student athletes need to know they are appreciated and there is no greater way than for the community, booster club, and commissioners/treasurers to show that appreciation than to get involved in youth athletics. In order to accomplish this its going to take investment and the most valuable investments aremoney and time. The more invested, the break up the results. I can attest that there is no greater investment than the future of our young student athletes. When these things are in place, I believe student athletes will benefit and the results will be ostensible not only on the field, but long after they step off of it.

Romeo and Juliet essay Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet canvass EssayMarco has shown him whose boss and Eddie does not like it. This scene is also left in the hearing because the pallium then closes, so this is the picture put into their heads last. A Scene of triumph, a scene of warning, it says dont mess with me, or my brother Because I will always win. Millers stage directions are also really important here. This is wherefore A View from the Bridge is a play and not a book. The audience need to construe Marcos await of warning and Eddies grin vanish as he realises whats just happened. This would not be indite effectively enough for the audience to understand this is such a dramatic action in the play.Because to a reader this seems like another game, like there still getting a long fine. nevertheless the stage directions his chair raised like a weapon over Eddies head. These stage directions show that this is no longer a fun family game, but a competition and a threat. We open again Alfieri makes the aud ience aware that Rodolfo and Catherine are al single, for the first eon. In this scene we can clearly see that Eddie has got to her he has Catherine sickish and scared that Rodolfo might only(prenominal) involve his papers. She starts by questioning him, whether or not he would be willing to relocate back to Italy if the circumstances allow it.Suppose I want to live in Italy. Rodolfo thinks that Catherine is joking as he says you going to marry somebody rich? therefore Catherine quickly shows him she is not joking No I mean live there- you and me (His smile vanishing) Rodolfo becomes disap flushed in Catherine as she is taking Eddies linguistic communication to heart. Thy continue their conversation and Catherine brings up the real problem, Im afraid of Eddie here. Rodolfo is so angry not at Catherine, but Eddies poisonous words that have corrupted his loves mouth. He gets angry you think I would postulate on my back the rest of my days a wo hands I didnt love just to be an American? this rhetorical question hives effect to the sentence. It leaves Catherine with no choice but to say no and to agree. And unwisely this leads to a large fall in Eddies status. Theres nobody here today, come inside. ( He leads her towards the bedroom) At this point Eddie appears and he is drunk. Already the audience can see that this is a recipe for disaster. Catherine and Rodolfo are in the bedroom, and Eddie is drunk, so not give upe able to control himself. When he sees Rodolfo and Catherine come out of the bedroom, he is angry. As whatsoever father would be if in his situation, but Eddie is angry for a different reason, he is jealous of Rodolfo. gang it up. Go ahead. Get your stuff and get outa here. When Catherine makes a kick the bucket to go with Rodolfo, Eddie is angry and needs what he wants. He doesnt ask, he just takes it. (He reaches out suddenly, draws her to him, and as she strives to free herself he kisses her on the mouth. This disgusting and selfi sh move from Eddie only causes more problems. He has just forced the girl he raised like a daughter to kiss him. It is at this point we as the audience truly learn of Eddies true desires. Then the ironic line follows. Stop that Have prize for her Rodolfo is now demanding respect, but for Catherine. After Eddies countless demands that Rodolfo doesnt respect him or Catherine the roles have now reversed and it is Eddie needing told. Then Eddie takes it all as a joke and kisses Rodolfo as well. Eddie has taken it to far by now. And he is almost at a point where he cannot full back up to the top. You can quicker get back a million dollars that was take that a word that you gave a way. Eddie had almost reached this point, where a million dollars would be easier to get back than his respect. He snitched on his whole familyI want to report something. Illegal immigrants. Two of them. Eddies respect has gone. Theres no way of retrieving it now. His agnomen, his family this is a huge ste p in the scale, telling on his own family and ruining their lives. In this play Eddie becomes very selfish, I want my name he says this like someone has taken it from him, when he has taken it from himself. You employ to be different when he is the one that has clearly changed. Beatrices line IM no different shows us that every(prenominal) one is noticing the change in Eddie now. Is Eddie the victim? No he is not.Eddie is the culprit through and through this play, and now every one knows it. When the immigration officers come, Beatrice knows straight away. Oh, Jesus, Eddie. oh, my God, my God What did you do? Eddie denies it, but everyone knows, Catherine knows, Beatrice knows, Marco knows, Rodolfo knows, even the neighbourhood knows, Eddie Carbone is a traitor to his family. A guy do a thing like that, hows he gonna show his face? And o add insult to injury, Marco points him out in take care of every one. That one I incriminate that one he is too disgusted to use his name, bu t just points. He killed my childrenThat one stole the food from my children Miller uses this line because he is showing the audience this is it. The end. Marco will go back to Italy, to no work and no money to feed his family. Eddie, who once helped, killed his family. Eddie should be humbled, he should be quiet. He has thoroughgoing(a) hat he wanted. But he is still hung over about his name. Only blood is levelheaded? Beatrice tries to tell Eddie that Marco comes in peace he wants this to be over. But Marco is beyond kissing Eddies hand. Ad Eddie is beyond letting him. In both these stubborn mens eyes there is only malice and hatred.Te only way to solve this, is to confront it like a man. Eddie Carbone shouting his name is almost a challenge, Eddie repeats his name three times, as though confirming that it is HIS name, and he wants it. Maybe hes come to apologize, heh Marco? For what you said to me in front of the whole neighbourhood? Wipin the neighbourhood with my name like a dirty rag I want my name Marco his next step has he lunges for Marco looks as though he is going to physically take his name from Marco. When it is irretrievable. But Marco shows his strength again another step in Eddies decline.Animal You go on your knees to me The tears are in Eddies eyes. Everyone knows he has taken it too far, even him. But he cannot quit now. He lunges towards Marco as Marco flips the blade and delivers a fatal blow. Eddie has gone. He is not Eddie anymore. He lost himself assay to get what he wanted to most. His inappropriate love for Catherine was his downfall. Mans jealously over powered him and no one could help him come back. He finally gives up on his deathbed he appears as though he is going to tell B of, why did you let this happen then he dies in her arms, with the words My B He loves B but it is to late now. Alfieris closing statement reminds us of the beginning, Most of the time we settle for half, and I like it better. If Eddie Carbone had se ttled for his half, Catherine and Rodolfo would have been happily married, Marco would have enough money to go to his family and Eddie and Beatrice would continue to love. Eddie would have respect. But he was greedy he wanted the whole apple not just a bite. This story does not have a happy ending, as you would expect it to. It leaves us guessing, but Eddies greed incapacitates those around him.The audience is left with no doubt in their minds at what happens next. And they move help thinking this is not a story that has never happened before. This tale happens all over the world, men take what the want and give nothing back. And yet, it is better to settle for half, it must be And so I mourn him- I admit it- with a certain alarm Abigail Craig-A View From the Bridge Show lagger only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

History of Europe 1815-1914 Essay Example for Free

History of Europe 1815-1914 EssayNationalism is a relatively recent phenomenon, considering the grand sweep of history. Although its roots can be found among the ancient Hebrews and Greeks, Niccolo Machiavellis book, The Prince, was the beginning of modern day nationalism, and was important in the preparation of nationalism. (Kohn, 1955, p. 9) Machiavelli believed that the state must be preserve and defended at any cost, and longed for Italian oneness, which was to come centuries later. John Milton of 17th century Great Britain is considered to be the clothes designer of modern day nationalism. Milton regarded nationalism as the affirmation of respective(prenominal) freedom from indorsement, the self-assertion of personality in face of its take government or church, and the freedom to utter and to argue freely according to conscience. (Kohn, 1955, p. 16-17) check to historian John H only, at the core of liberalism is the quest to answer the question, What is the nature o f a good sustenance? (Hall, 1988, p. 9) Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher, was concerned with the categories of the human mind.His philosophy is often called critical philosophy. He believed human reasoning to be the ultimate authority on morality, and that a person should be free to reason. As hall puts it, Kants defense of the basic liberal aim of considering individuals to be of moral worth remains high-powered and suddenly central to liberalism. (Hall, 1988, p. 19) John Stuart Mill is considered to be the most important single theorist of liberalism. (Hall, 1988, p. 24) He believed in a persons right to freedom, as did Kant, and defended individual liberty.Mill wrote in his work, On Liberty, the just purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a cultured community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. (Hall, 1988, p. 25) Mill was considered to be a radical in his time for he back up womens equality, including the right to vote, education and birth control. Although Mill never became a socialistic, he studied pre-Marxist socialist works. Karl Marxs brand of socialism divided change society into two classes proletariat and bourgeoisie. The proletariats being the working(a) class, and the bourgeoisie being the rich, ruling class.He criticized capitalism and considered it to be oppressive. He viewed freedom as the conclusion of humankinds domination over nature and the degree of rational, conscious control over social relations. (Walicki, 1995, p. 12) Marx was the prophet of fabianism and he thought that his utopian view of society would restore the unity of humankind, reconciling human individual existence with human species essence. (Walicki, 1995, p. 12) Friedrich Engels was a contemporary of Marx, and co-wrote works with him, including the Communist Manifesto. Both Engels and Marx co-founded communism.He believed that the evils in industrialized society were due to private property, and only through a class struggle which led to a communist society could there be equality. The Problem of Bismarck Otto von Bismarck was appointed as blossom Minister of Prussia by Emperor William I in 1862. Not incredibly popular when appointed, people underestimated the power-hungry man. former to Bismarcks appointment, William wanted to reform the Prussian military. The parliament agreed to reform but did non want to yield control of the budget to William for a long period of time.When Bismarck came on the expression he managed to collect additional taxes needed, and used them toward military reform without the consent or approval of the parliament. hostile Bismarck, Louis- short sleep of France, the great nephew of Napoleon I, started his political career with great support, but ended up being deposed. He was elected president of France in 1848 with a victory of 74. 2%. He was capable to gain much(prenominal) a huge victory by being able to appear as all things to all men. (Price, 2003 ) However, resistance grew to his domination of government in 1851.He started a coup in December 1851 with junior-grade resistance in Paris, but more than in rural areas, but he was able to scold that resistance. An pick was held after the coup to decide whether or non people wanted him to have the authority necessary to create a constitution, and the result was an overwhelming yes, due to his immense popularity. (Price, 2003) Napoleon created the Second Empire, with himself the Emperor. In 1868 Bismarck pushed for Leopold, prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, to take the privy of Spain after the Spanish Revolution of 1868.Napoleon was alarmed at the cyclorama of Leopold taking the Spanish throne and threatened war. Leopolds candidacy for the throne was withdrawn, but Napoleon wanted a letter of apology from Bismarck. Bismarck published the demands of Napoleon and Prussias rejection in the Ems Dispatch because he knew it would likely lead to war, and thought that a war with F rance would cause southern German states to help crowd a Prussian war, leading to the unification of Germany. War did break out in 1870, and lasted until 1871. France was defeated by Prussia under Bismarcks leadership.Politics Economy During the 19th century Great Britain experienced a tremendous amount of economic emersion, which began with the cotton sedulousness. Between 1815 and 1851 occurred the most rapid economic development of domestic help resources in the whole of British economic history. (Smellie, 1962, p. 140) By 1860 half of the worlds coal and make goods were supplied by Britain. By 1870 British international trade was greater than the French, German and Italian combined. Several study political developments occurred in Britain during the 1830s.The Reform Bill, enacted in 1832, lessened the amount of land a man had to own to be eligible to vote. It increased eligible voters by more than 200,000. However, eligible voters still only amounted to 20%. As a reactio n to the French Revolution, the Six Acts Law was passed by Parliament in 1819. It earnestly limited civil liberties, including freedom of the press and the right to public meeting. Other laws were passed which outlawed political rallies, and make it illegal to form labor organizations. The economic development of France was much slower than Britains.It took longer to industrialize because the French population did not increase as fast as the rest of Europe. The slow population growth was caused by peasants limiting their family size due to the small plots they farmed. A recession in the 1860s occurred because agriculture and industry could not keep up with global competition. From 1815 to 1870 France went through a series of regime changes. In 1815 Napoleon I was defeated and France was invaded by foreign troops. Restoration of the Bourbon monarchy was forced upon the French people, and Louis XVIII was installed as king.after Louis died in 1824 Charles X became king. Moderate royal ists and liberals won seats in elections, and in 1829 Charles appointed Jules de Polignac as oldtimer minister, which alienated both moderates and liberals. After the elections in 1830 Charles signed the July Ordinances into law which dismissed the newly elected bedchamber of Deputies, causing another revolution where Charles was driven from the throne, and the July Monarchy installed, named after the month when Louis Philippe, of the house of Orleans, was installed. Louis-Philippe was also driven from the throne in 1848, and the Second Republic was created.An April 1848 election allowed all eligible males to vote. Workers in Paris, however, did not like the results of the election and revolted. The revolts were brutally put down in what came to be called the June Days of 1848. Louis Napoleon won the presidential elections of 1848, as previously mentioned, later declaring himself emperor. War Unity During the 19th century unification occurred in both Germany and Italy. In Germany Bismarck managed to unite Germany through war with France in 1870, asking Germans not to fight for Prussian intricacy but for the sake of the fatherland. (Bridge, 1980, p. 3)He succeeded in uniting Germany, but at a price Germans did not realize. Bismarcks sensational success in unifying the country blinded most of his countrymen to the political retardation he had imposed upon them. (Feuchtwanger, 2001, p. 14) He managed to force an authoritarian system on all of Germany. In Italy the Risorgimento, the term for Italian resistance to Austrian rule and the growing desire for unification, began with Giuseppe Mazzini. Exiled to France in 1831, he created the organization called Giovane Italia (Young Italy) in instal to help spread Italian nationalism.Giuseppe Garibaldi was inspired by Mazzini, and in 1860 he landed in Sicily in order to stir up a revolt against the Sicilian king. He managed to gather Sicilian peasants to fight, and they were able to defeat the king. He then set him self up as the dictator of Sicily, and headed to the southern mainland with his Sicilian peasants. He also gained the support of peasants there, and then headed north, where he defeated King Francis of Naples. He was met with resistance by the forces of master key Emmanuel, king of Sardinia.He decided to hand over his conquests to Victor Emmanuel. Garibaldi was an exact opposite of Bismarck. He fought for unification of his country by gathering the support of the people, while Bismarck united his country by embroiling them in wars. Bismarck imposed authoritarianism on the German people. Garibaldi put his political ambitions aside for the good of his country. He could have established himself as dictator of southern Italy but believed national unity to be more important than personal ambition. (Farmer, 2006)

Comparative Study on Consumption Patterns of Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices Essay Example for Free

Comparative Study on Consumption Patterns of indulgent Drinks and harvest succuss EssayA fox, or deglutition, is a liquified specifically prepargond for human aspiration. In addition to basic needs, potables form sub section of the culture of human society. or whatsoever liquid equal for crapulenceing may I take your crapulence order? or A liquid to consume, normally excluding water a take up. This may include tea leaf, coffee, liquor, beer, milk, or soft plights Types of beverage The unlike types of beverage argon Alcoholic beverages nary(prenominal)-Alcohol beverages Soft make merrys Fruit juice Hot beverages other(a) 1. Alcoholic beverages. An spiritous beverage is a fuddle containing ethanol, comm lone(prenominal) known as alcohol, although in chemistry the definition of an alcohol includes many different compounds. Alcoholic beverages, such as wine, beer, and liquor curb been part of human culture and development for 8,000 courses. 2. Non-alcohol beverages Non-alcoholic beverages argon drinks that would normally contain alcohol, such as beer and wine but are made with less than . 5 percent alcohol by volume. The category includes drinks that have beneathgone an alcohol removal process such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcohol zed wines.Non-alcoholic variants Low alcohol beer Non-alcoholic wine Sparkling cider 3. Soft drinks The constitute soft drink specifies a lack of alcohol by way of contrast to the name hard drink and the term drink, the latter of which is nominally neutral but often carries con nonations of alcoholic content. Beverages like gages, sparkling water, iced tea, lemonade, squash, and ingathering are among the intimately common types of soft drinks, while hot cho boobte, hot tea, coffee, milk, tap water, alcohol, and milkshakes do not go through into this classification.Many change soft drinks are optionally obtainable in versions sweetened with sugars or with non-caloric sweeteners. 4. Fruit juice Juice is a liquid subjectively contained in harvest-festival or veg tissue. Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fresh fruits or vegetables with go forth the application of heat or solvents. For example,o couch juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orange tree. Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruits and vegetables using variety of hand or electric juicers.Many commercial juices are filtered to remove fiber or pulp, but high pulp fresh orange juice is a popular beverage. Juice may be commercialiseed inconcent tell form, sometimes frozen, requiring the user to add water to reconstitute the liquid back to its original state 5. Hot beverages Hot beverages, including infusions. Sometimes drunk chilled. ?Coffee-based beverages ?Cappuccino ?Coffee ?Espresso ?Cafe au lait ?Frappe ?Flavored coffees (mocha etc. ) ?Latte ?Hot cho locoweedte ?Hot cider ?Mulled cider ?Tea-based beverages ?Flavored teas (chai etc. ) ? special K tea?Pearl milk tea ? Tea ?Herbal teas ?Yerba Mate ?Roasted grain beverages ?Sanka 6. Other Some substances may either be called food or drink, and accordingly be eaten with a smooch or drunk, depending on solid ingredients in it and on how thick it is, and on preference Soup yogurt OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRY The beverage market is worth $55 billion worldwide. The tides are momenting for many beverage categories. While the carbonated soft drink and beer categories are merely treading water with flat gross revenue, the energy drink category is surging ahead like never before.Bottled water, ready-to-drink coffee, ready-to-drink tea and sports drinks follow close behind with impregnable sales increase- drinks without added sugar, no beer, along with developments in juice drinks and dairy-based drinks, are helping to turn close to sales in these categories. What follows is a category-by-category look at the state of the beverage industry, including the top denounces, hot products, innovations and future trendsetters. In order to be successful in the marketplace, one has to think in terms of health innovation, life innovation, ingredient innovation and specific age groups.These are the factors that will shape the future of the beverage industry. right aways consumers are concerned with oerall health and intimatelyness. As a result, there is signifi fag endt cushion on food and beverage purchases. Many studies have shown that consumers are as concerned with good health as they are nigh of importtaining a high quality of life. Do you know what type of mod beverage consumers are approximately probable to try? Do you know where they are most likely to pick those products up? Do you know why?Beverage Industry wanted to know the answers to these questions and to stab deeper into the ever-increasing number of radical product impeles in the beverage market. The soft drink industry is training nation to seek out raw(a) products, even the big guys are coming out with limited-e dition aromas, and consumers are rise to see that there is more than flavor activity going on in the category. Whether that really nets anybody any sales gains is another thing, but it is teaching consumers to seek out and try new products. Its besides trying to create some excitement there. In spite of several challenges and restrictions faced by this industry, it is a roll like never before. Customer preferences may have shifted, but they are still unendingly on the look out for a spate of light speed or a new flavored drink to quench their ache. INDIAN BEVERAGE MARKET The sizing of the Indian food processing industry is just about $ 65. 6 billion, including $20. 6 billion of value added products. Of this, the health beverage industry is valued at $230 one thousand one thousand million bread and biscuits at $1. 7 billion cho low-downtes at $73 million and ice creams at $188 million.The size of the semi-processed/ready-to-eat food segment is over $1. 1 billion. Large bi scuits confectionery units, Soya processing units and starch/glucose/sorbitol producing units have alike come up, catering to domestic and international markets. The three largest consumed categories of packaged foods are jam-packed tea, biscuits and soft drinks. The Indian beverage industry faces over supply in segments like coffee and tea. However, more than half of this is operational in unpacked or loose form. Indian hot beverage market is a tea dominant market. Consumers in different parts of the country have heterogeneous tastes.Dust tea is popular in Confederate India, while loose tea in preferred in westerly India. The urban-rural split of the tea market was 5149 in cc0. Coffee is consumed largely in the southern states. The size of the total packaged coffee market is 19,600 tones or $87 million. The total soft drink (carbonated beverages and juices) market is estimated at 284 million crates a year or $1 billion. The market is highly ageal in nature with white plague varying from 25 million crates per month during bakshish season to 15 million during off-season. The market is predominantly urban with 25 per cent contribution from rural areas.Coca cola and Pepsi dominate the Indian soft drinks market. Mineral water market in India is a 65 million crates ($50 million) industry. On an average, the monthly consumption is estimated at 4. 9 million crates, which increases to 5. 2 million during peak season. RECENT ISSUES 1. Xtazy, another energy drink for the Indian market The Indian market for energy drinks was estimated belatedly to have a size of Rs calciferol crore, about 90 million Euros. The market which is so cold dominated by Red pig bed, is attracting various new players which want to get a share in a exploitation business.One of the aspirants is Xtazy, an energy drink from the US. Xtazy is the forth largest energy drink inthe US, says Rohan Malhotra, Managing managing director of R. M. Indian Liquor Pvt. Ltd. , the exclusive importer for Xtazy. Malhotra has launched Xtazy already in Eastern India, and was looking now for a distributer in the Delhi area, when FII spoke to him during IFE fair in Delhi recently. In order to take on Red cook and get a share of 20% from their business, Malhotra wants to offer better conditions to distributors.We provide a margin of 6-8% to a distributor, who thus can earn about Rs 6 a can, Malhotra says. This is more than what Red Bull offers which is only about 2 3 Rs per can. Xtazy is available in cans of 350 ml, thus more than the usual 250 ml of other energy drinks, and will be priced with a MRP of Rs 85. Four variants are offered, Cranberry B stick out, Sugar Free love life Fruit-Pineapple, Orange Blast and Lime Blast. Malhotra has planned several merchandise measures to promote Xtazy, like PoS actions, coupons and direct selling in a first round, and night parties in a second round.In merchandise conversation, he is highlighting not only the variants, but also health effects as the USPs of Xtazy, which are derived from antique herbs used in the drink like gingko and guarana. The extract of gingko biloba leaf has been shown to dilate credit line vessels and has the ability to increase peripheral blood circulation, especially to the brain, the bon ton writes in a leaflet. Guarana from Brasil would give ear to promote weight loss by increasing the metabolic rate and reducing the appetite. Besides the US, Malhotra says, Xtazy would be marketed also in Israel, Ukraine and in Turkey and would soon be launched in China.2. Australia-based Aromas launches first coffee strain in India. Australia-based Aromas, one of the leading coffee chain shops, launched its first cafe outlet in India at Hiranandani, Powai, and Mumbai. The company also tied up with Ideal Hospitality Private Ltd (IHPL), which would own the scar in the country and south-east Asia. Jayant Mahiskar, chairman and MD, IHPL, said, Aromas is being launched keeping in brainiac the true coffee connoisseurs. We perplex at targeting the youth and corporate at our outlets and Powai with a mix of residential and office complexes was a essential choice.The coffee has been created from selection of the original beans and blended to suit all tastes. Aromas ensures freshness and fullness of flavor. According to the sympathy with Aromas, IHPL will pay about 1. 5% of the gross revenue earned. Further, the company has decided to invest about Rs. 50-75 crore in the next three eld to expand its footprint with 99 outlets in India. 3.China rejects shock bid to take-over major juice maker China has rejected Coca-Colas $2. 5 billion bid to buy a major Chinese juice maker. The purchase of Huiyuan Juice Group Ltd would have been the biggest foreign accomplishment of a Chinese company to date.The proposed purchase was rejected on anti-monopoly grounds, the Chinese commerce ministry announced on its website. Coca-Colas bid in September prompted an outcry by nationalists who ur ged the government to bar foreigners from acquiring one of Chinas most successful homegrown brands. Rival juice producers warned that the acquisition would give Coca-Cola too dominant a federal agency in Chinas beverage market. A Coca-Cola spokesman in Hong Kong learned of the rejection of the sale had no immediate comment. Huiyuans founders and major shareholders already had endorsed the sale.If Coke were to take over Huiyuan, it will dominate the soft drinks market in China, which not only hurts consumers, but also other sphere of influence participants. Huiyuan controls more than a tenth of the Chinese fruit and vegetable juice market that grew 15% last year to $2 billion. Coca-Cola has a 9. 7% share and dominates in diluted juices. According to analysts Chinas ruling on Coke could cut both ways in that Chinese firms that have been making increasingly high profile acquisitions abroad may run into trouble of their own. 4. Pepsis slit kicks off the new season with AamsutraPepsiC os popular mango juice drink brand- Slice kicks off the 2009 season with its new Aamsutra concept. According to Homi Battiwalla, business head, juice juice drinks, PepsiCo India, Slice had seen powerful consumer momentum post the re-launch of 2008. The new winning formulation has been appreciated by consumers. Aamsutra has driven strong disruption in the juice and juice drink category. All of this has made Slice the fastest growing mango drink brand in the country. South India is the lead market for mango drinks in the country.Andhra Pradesh is the biggest mango market and also the fastest growing market for Slice and mango drinks in the country. Tamil Nadu is amongst the top three states and Slice is the market-leader in Tamil Nadu, he added Pepsi has now opted for a new brand ambassador, Katrina Kaif. The creative thought behind the new communication was to further enhance the Slice experience into dimensions of pleasure, sensuality and indulgence. Last years commercial was about enumerating the principles of Aamsutra or the art of experiencing pure mango pleasure with the new Slice.This year, the commercial portrays the next level to bring alive(p) the mango indulgence, stated Hari Krishnan, Vice President, JWT. The company has now opted for a 360 multimedia campaigns involving digital, print, radio, impact outdoors and try out in core markets. 5. Parle Agro launches lemon flavoured drink LMN Parle Agro, one of the leading food beverage companies in India, has launched a new fruit-based lemon drink LMN in the non-carbonated segment. The new brand is a natural lemon juice drink and the only brand in India with a taste closest to home made, fresh scatter water (Nimbu pani).According to the company, LMN will offer consumers a healthy, pleasing drink with the goodness of vitamin C. Every summer, the Indian beverage market has seen cola majors battle it out.This summer, the launch of LMN will see the cola wars victorious a back seat and the battle spillin g over to the non-cola segment, to be more precise in the nimbu paani category. PepsiCo India last week launched a nimbu pani drink, Nimbooz, under the 7Up brand On the occasion of LMNs launch, Nadia Chauhan, joint managing director and CMO, Parle Agro, said, Nimbu pani has traditionally been Indias most commonly consumed cold beverage.In fact the idea of a branded lemon drink is so simple that you would wonder why nobody thought of it earlier. The challenge for us was packaging a natural product while retaining its fresh, original taste throughout its shelf life. LMN will be available in 110 ml Tetra, 200 ml Tetra and 500 ml PET packs priced at Rs 5, Rs 10 and Rs 23 respectively. The company aims to touch a turnover of Rs 3000-3500 crore by 2011. The company will target both (youth and adult) segments of consumers to turn them into branded consumers of nimbu pani.Besides this LMN will also target an emerging segment of consumers who are looking for a healthy and refreshing beverag e in the country. For the last 20 years, Parle Agro has been the market leader in fruit based beverages, we have constantly worked keeping in mind Indian preferences while formulating products that cater to the Indian palate. It is without any doubt that only an Indian company can understand what real nimbu pani tastes like and what the Indian consumer wants in a packaged offering, Chauhan added.Further, the company claims that packaged nimbu pani will have tremendous growth potential, higher(prenominal) than other packaged drinks mainly because of a major shift in consumer behavior. Today, the beverage consumer is looking for hygiene, convenience, refreshing taste, affordability and year-round availability. The name LMN is derived from the SMS version of the word lemon. Parle Agro also owns other fruit drink brands like Frooti, Appy suds and packaged drinking water, Bailey. 6. PepsiCo launches Nimbooz, packaged lemon juice with no fizz and coloured flavours.PepsiCo India has laun ched its packaged nimbu paani, Nimbooz, under its 7Up brand. The home-made nimbu paani or lime juice has been specially created to suit Indian tastes. The lemon juice, no fizz and artificial flavours, is available in trendy, convenient packs. The drink offers great value to consumers in three packaging formats of 200 ml returnable glass bottles (RGB), 350 ml PET and 200 ml Tetra attractively priced at Rs 10, Rs 15 and Rs 10, respectively. According to Ms Punita Lal, Executive Director- Marketing, PepsiCo India, Nimbooz, is specially develop to suit Indian tastes and preferences.Nimbooz is an affordable offering for consumers on the go because of its ready-to-drink format that is both convenient and hygienic. The proposition of the Indian refresher perfectly captures the mass call down of this product and will indisputablely drive consumer connect, stated Ms Alpana Titus, Executive VP-Flavours, PepsiCo India. PepsiCo has drawn up an intensifier consumer activation campaign to mar ket Nimbooz. The 360 degree marketing communication plan will revolve around building awareness through multi-city launches and road shows, comprehensive 3D activation, leveraging Out-of-Home (OOH) media, radio, press and outdoors.Aggressive mental test generation and sampling initiatives will also be taken forwards across major cities of the country. A special Nimbooz Highway Gadi has been created that will visit the four major highways connecting Delhi to Jaipur, Dehradun, Agra to drive trails and consumer education. 7. Coke launches fruit-flavoured Fanta Apple across the country After successfully introducing it in southern markets last year, Coca-Cola India has launched its fruit-flavoured soft drink Fanta Apple nationally. The product is available in 200 ml and 300 ml returnable glass bottles and also in 500 ml PET pack priced at Rs 8, Rs 10 and Rs 22 respectively.During the Fanta Apple launch in October 2008, Venkatesh Kini, marketing vice-president, Coca-Cola India, said th at the company had planned to reach about 3. 5 lakh customers with judge apple flavoured drink to extend its market leadership in the fruit flavoured segment in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. As per consumer seek, we have found that after orange, apple is the most preferred fruit in the country and Fanta Apple has been developed specially for the Indian palate, Kini said on Monday. According to experts, the nationwide launch of Fanta Apple is a part of the companys $250 million business plan for the country.Fanta Apple is the second flavour after Fanta Orange under Fanta brand of the company. We have had an excellent response down south with a reused value to the drink and with the national launch of Fanta Apple, we are stepping stones to extend Coca Cola Indias market leadership in the fruit-flavoured sparkling drink segment, Kini added. The company has also announced Bollywood actress Genelia DSouza as the new brand ambassador of the Fanta brand.According to reports, the current expected Indian soft drink market is about Rs 6,000 crore, in which the company shares about 50% market with its various brands like Coke, 7 Up, Fanta, Sprite and Thums Up. STUDY OF GROWTH OF SOFT DRINK MARKET SOFT DRINKS carbonate drinks are dominated by artificial flavors based on cola, orange and lime with Pepsi and coca plant-cola dominating the market. The holy part of the drin.Cola products account for nearly 61-62% of the total soft drinks market. Two global majors Pepsi and coke dominate the soft drink market. NCAER survey says 91% of soft drink in the country is in the lower, lower middle and upper middle class people. The market is worth around Rs. 5000 crores with growth rate of around 10-15%. The annual per capita consumption in India is only about 6 bottles vis- a- Vis 340 bottles in the U. S. The production as soft drinks has increased from 5670 million bottles in 1998-99 to 6230 million bottles in 1999-2000 industry source.Growth market this year is expected to be 10-15% in value terms and 20-22% in volume terms. However, the market for carbonated drinks is stagnating and not growing as expected. MAJOR PLAYERS IN SOFT DRINKS SEGMENT COCA COLA thanda matlab coca cola Coca cola has truly remarkable heritage. From a humble beginning in 1886 it has now start out the flagship brand of largest manufacturer, distributor of non alcoholic beverages in the world. In India, coca cola was the leading soft drink till 1977 when govt. policies necessitated its departure.Coca cola has made its return to the country in 1993. and made significant investment funds to ensure that the beverage is available to more and more people in remote as well as inaccessible parts of the world. Coca cola returned to India in 1993 and over the past ten years has captured the imagination of the nation, building strong association with cricket, the thriving cinema industry, music etc. coca cola has been very strongly associated with cricket, sponsoring the world cup in 1996. I n 2002, coca cola launched the campaign,Thanda Matlab coca cola. in 2003,coke was available for just rs,5 crores in the country.FANTA GHOONTH BHAR SHARARAT KAR LEY Fanta entered the Indian market in year 1996 under the coca cola brand . over the years, Fanta has occupied a strong market place and is identified as the fun catalyst. Fanta stands for its vibrant color, tempting taste and tingling bubbles that not just uplifts feelings but also helps free spirit thus encouraging one to indulge in the moment. LIMCA LIME AND LEMONI Drink that can cast a tangy refreshing spell on anyone, anywhere. Born in 1971, Limca has been the original thirst choice, of millions of consumers for over three decades.The brand has been displaying healthy volume growing year on year and limca continues to be leading flavoring soft drinks in the country. Dive into the zingy refreshment of limca and walk away a new person. SPIRITE SPIRITE BHUJAYE PYAAS BAKI SAB BAKWAAS World wide sprite ranked as no. 4 soft drink and is sell in more than 190 countries In India, sprite was launched in year 1999 and today it has grown to be one of the fastest growing soft drinks, leading clear lime category. Today sprite is sensed as a youth icon. With strong appeal to youth sprite has stood for a straight forward and honest attitude.Its clear crisp hingtaste encourages todays youth to trust their instincts, influence them to be true who they are and to obey their thirst. THUMS UP TASTE THE THUNDER Strong cola taste, exciting personality. Thums up is a leading carbonated soft drink and most trusted brand in India. Originally introduced in 1977, thums up was acquired by the coca cola company in 1993. Thums up, is, known for strong, fizzy taste and its confident, turn and uniquely masculine attitude. This brand clearly seeks to separate the man from the boys. MAAZA YAARI DOSTI TAAZA MAAZA Maaza was launched in 1976.In 1993, maaza was acquired by coca cola India. Maaza currently dominates the fruit drink category. Over the years, maaza has become synonymous with mango. Taaza Mango, Maaza mango, Botal mei aam, maaza hai naam. consumers regard maaza as wholesome, natural, fun loving drink real experience of fruit. The campaign builds on the existing equity of the brand and delivers a pertinent emotional benefit to the moms rightly captured in tagline, yaari dosti, and taaza maaza. PEPSI YEH DIL MAANGE MORE Pepsi cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by Pepsi co.It is sold in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s in North Carolina. The brand was trademarked on June 16, 1903. There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the years. Diet Pepsi Crystal Pepsi Pepsi twist Pepsi max Pepsi samba Pepsi blue Pepsi gold Pepsi holiday spice Pepsi discern Pepsi x(available in Finland brazil) Pepsi next(available in Japan south Korea) STUDY OF GROWTH OF harvest-festival DRINK MARKET production JUICES Branded fruit ju ice market in India holds an immense potential.Usually confused and considered synonymous with non-aerated drinks, fruit pulps, juices and squash are high sugar beverages, which are centrifuged and filtered to give a semi- clear appearance. In the past, this sector enjoyed an excise exemption, keeping cost at minimal. However the withdrawal of exemption has inflated costs and can affect growth, with dramatic change possible on reintroduction of excise exemption. MARKET The organized fruit beverage market is estimated at Rs. 500 crores market. (Nectars, drinks and juices combined). The market has grown at a 20% to 25% rate.Of this, more expensive juices segment has grown at rate of 40%this year. It accounted for only 15% of the fruit beverage 3 years back. In home consumption of juices has gone up from 30%, three years back to 80%today. Mango based drinks account for two thirds of fruit drinks industry. MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE FRUIT DRINK SEGMENT DABUR REAL Daburs flagship brand real fr uit juice is a market leader in packaged fruit juice category. Real was launched in 1996 and the brand has carved a niche for itself by claiming to be the only fruit juice in packaged form . i. e. light speed%preservative free.Real, with market share of 57% comes in nine flavors Orange Mango Pineapple jumble fruit grape yellow cattley guava Litchi Tomato Cranberry Real Active is 100%fruit juice with no added sugar and is available in sideline variants Orange Apple Orange- carrot GODREJ The food division of godrej industry produces and market fruit drinks, fruit nectar and sofit soymilk. Godrejs brand JUMPIN comes in the following flavor Mango Pineapple Apple Litchi Orange Godrejs xs is a range of fruit nectar with more fruits. Its available in following flavors Orange Apple Grape PEPSIS TROPICANA.Tropicana brand fruit juice enjoys a market share of 25% and has registered a paradigm digit growth and has outpaced the growth of fruit juice market in India. It is available in foll owing flavors Orange Apple Grape Cranberry LEH BERRY It is a product from Ladakh Foods. Its first fruit juice in Delhi and its selling it in the more affluent parts of town. It enjoys a market share of 4% and is available in a variety of flavors Pineapple Apple Mixed fruit Orange Blackcurrant Mango Guava PARLES FROOTI and APPY Frooti was launched back in 1985 and enjoys market dominance with 85% of market share.Parles Agros APPY, in 1996 had a market share of 5% in the fruit drink segment in 2003 its new variant-APPY FIZZ was launched. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY Every project work is based on certain methodology, which is a way to systematically solve the problem or attain its objectives. It is a very valuable guideline and lead to completion of any project work through observation, information collection and selective information analysis. According to Clifford Woody, Research Methodology comprises of defining redefining problems, collecting, organizing evaluating data, ma king deductions investigateing to conclusions. Accordingly, the methodology used in the project is as follows Defining the objectives of the study Framing of questionnaire keeping objectives in mind (considering the objectives) Feedback from the respondents Analysis of feedback Conclusion, findings and suggestions. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The main aim of this research study is to analyze the preference of people (of different age groups) on consumption patterns of Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To study the preferences of the people for soft drinks and fruit juices.To find out the factor(s) that influences the consumers consumption of soft drinks and fruit juices. To test the know-how of the consumers regarding the various existing brands of soft drinks and fruit juices. To seek the next best beverage after soft drinks and fruit juices. To find out how the beverage is positioned in the mind of the consumers. SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study is confined to the North West Delhi region covering areas of Paschim Vihar, Pitam Pura, Rohini area, Punjabi Bagh. seasonal worker drinks are not considered in the study. We are considering only canned juices. We are not considering water alcoholic drinks.RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing research project. It specifies the details of the procedures necessary for obtaining the information needed to structure and/or solve marketing research problem. On the basis of fundamental objectives of the research we can classify research design into two full general types EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH Exploratory research is one type of research design, which has its firsthand objective the provision of insights into, and comprehension of, the problem situation confronting the researcher.Conclusive research is designed to assist the determination maker in determining evaluating and selecting the best course of action to take in a given up situati on. Conclusive research can be further divided into two types- Descriptive Experimental The research design used in this project is a DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN. Descriptive study as the name implies is designed to describe something-for example the characteristics of users of a given product, the degree to which the product use the varies with income, age, etc. sample distribution TECHNIQUE employ This research has used convenience sampling technique.1) devisal sampling technique Convenience sampling is used in exploratory research where the researcher is interested in getting an threepenny approximation of the truth. As the name implies, the sample is selected because they are convenient. SELECTION OF SAMPLE SIZE For the study, a sample size of 100 has been taken into consideration. SOURCES OF info COLLECTION Research will be based on two sources 1. Primary data 2. Secondary data 1) PRIMARY DATA Questionnaire Primary data was amass by preparing questionnaire and the people were rando mly being requested to fill them. 2) SECONDARY DATASecondary data will consist of different literatures like books which are published, articles, internet and websites. In order to reach relevant conclusion, research work needed to be designed in a proper way. STATISTICAL TOOLS USED The main statistical tools used for the collection and analyses of data in this project are Questionnaire Pie Charts Bar Diagrams DATA ANALYSIS FINDINGS Q1. What do you prefer to drink? (Tick any 1) Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Soft Drinks5757% Fruit Juices4343% Total100100% Q2. Frequency of consumption of your preferred drink in a week? SOFT DRINKS Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage.Daily2849% 2-6 times2340% Above 7611% Total57100% FRUIT JUICES Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Daily1023% 2-6 times3070% Above 737% Total43100% Q3. On what occasions, do you often consume the Soft Drinks? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Feeling Thirsty1818% Parties / Celebrations4545% Wit hout any fence (just like that)2525% Others1212% Total100100% Q4. On what occasions, do you often consume the Fruit Juices? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Feeling Thirsty1717% Parties / Celebrations3232% Without any resolve (just like that)2424% Others2727% Total100100% Q5. What induces you to buy Soft Drinks?Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Price with quantity3030% Health Drink 44% Status token 88% Taste3232% Variety2626% Total100100% Q6. What induces you to buy Fruit Juices? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Price with quantity1313% Health Drink 4040% Status symbol 1515% Taste2222% Variety1010% Total100100% Q7. If not a Soft Drink or a Fruit juice, which other beverage (other than water) tops your mind? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Coffee3030% Tea2525% Shakes(Milk/Ice cream/Fruit)88% Lassi1212% Sharbat2525% Total100100% Q8. How do you rate canned juices as compared to fresh juices?Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage analogous to fresh juices 2424% Have artificial added flavor 3636% Healthy with preservatives 4040% Total100100% Q9. How do you view Soft Drinks? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage As a health drink44% As a place symbol88% As an aid to put off thirst5555% both other3333% Total100100% Q10. How do you view Fruit Juices? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage As a health drink4040% As a status symbol1515% As an aid to put off thirst3232% Any other1313% Total100100% Q11. Do advertisements affect your purchases? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentag.